Rusty Andean Hummingbird

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Rusty Andean Hummingbird
Rusty Andean Hummingbird

Rusty Andean Hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Retro-reflective hummingbirds ( Aglaeactis )
Type : Rusty Andean Hummingbird
Scientific name
Aglaeactis cupripennis
( Bourcier , 1843)

The rust-red Andean hummingbird ( Aglaeactis cupripennis ) or Rosenschiller's hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area that extends over the countries of Colombia , Ecuador and Peru . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The rust-red Andean hummingbird has a body length of about 11.4 cm, of which the straight beak is 1.8 cm. The top of the head and the middle area of ​​the back are blackish-olive, whereby the color on the back area changes into a glittering pink-violet and the rump finally shimmers golden-green. The rest of the body is predominantly cinnamon to reddish brown. The under tail coverts and outer flags of the outer hand coverts, as well as the central control feathers are bronze-olive colored. The plumage of the females appears similar, but it looks a little more dull and the glittering spots on the back are a little smaller.

behavior

The rust-red Andean hummingbird is a typical inhabitant near the tree line. It behaves very conspicuously, is extremely aggressive and very territorial within the species . Usually it clings to the flowers of the lower strata when feeding . He keeps the wings vertical, which then looks like a V. In addition, the birds regularly hunt smaller insects in flight. Occasionally, the hummingbirds glide at unusually shorter distances down the slope with their wings spread.

Vocalizations

Their singing in flight sounds like a high-pitched chirp , whereas when they are eating it sounds like tsiip, tsit-tsit . In addition, they sing a high- pitched series of vibrating tones that sound like chu tri tsip chu swit tri chu ... or like a loud, jerky beeping wi-siit-chu-chu-chu , wi-siit-chu-chu-choo .

Reproduction

They build their nests on horizontal branches that can be up to 8 meters above the ground. In the Puracé National Park , nests have also been discovered in the undergrowth near the tree line at a height of 1.3 meters. Melbourne Armstrong Carriker observed six rusty Andean hummingbirds in breeding mood in the central and eastern Andes of Colombia between February and August.

habitat

Distribution area (green) of the rust-red Andean hummingbird

The birds occur in places, but locally limited, on crippled forest edges, large bushes and gardens in the ecotone between Páramo and the upper mountain forests. Occasionally they can also be found in dense bushes and small trees of typical Páramo vegetation. They usually move at altitudes of 2900 to 3400 meters. In Peru they have even been observed between 2500 and 4600 meters.

Subspecies

Bird of the southern subspecies A. cupripennis caumatonota

There are two known subspecies:

  • Aglaeactis cupripennis cupripennis ( Bourcier , 1843) - The nominate form occurs in Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru.
  • Aglaeactis cupripennis caumatonota Gould , 1848 - This subspecies occurs in south-central Peru. The upper side, the throat and the belly appear a little darker than in the nominate shape, so that the lighter red-brown tufts stand out in color.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier described the rust-red Andean hummingbird under the name Trochilus cupripennis . He had the type specimen from the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle and it came from Colombia. It was not until 1848 that John Gould introduced the genus Aglaeactis u. a. for the rusty Andean hummingbird. The generic name is made up of the Greek words "aglaia αγλαια " for "shine, splendor, glory" and " aktis ακτις " for "sunbeam". The specific epithet »cupripennis« is a Latin word formation from »cupreus, cyprium, cuprum« for »copper-colored, copper« and »-pennis, penna« for »-fluted, wing«. »Caumatonota« is made up of the Greek words »barelya, baratos καυμα, καυματος « for »heat, fire« and »-nōtos, nōton -νωτος, νωτον « for »-backy, back«.

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-09250-8, ( online [accessed July 11, 2015]).
  • Thomas Scott Schulenberg, Douglas Forrester Stotz, Daniel Franklin Lane, John Patton O'Neill, Theodore Albert Parker III : Birds of Peru . Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2007, ISBN 978-0-7136-8673-9 .
  • John Todd Zimmer : Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 61, The genera Aglaeactis, Lafresnaya, Pterophanes, Boissonneaua, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Haplophaedia, Ocreatus, and Lesbia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1540 , 1951, pp. 1–55 ( online (PDF; 5.077 MB) [accessed July 11, 2015]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux ou mal connus . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 6 , 1843, pp. 70-73 ( online [accessed July 11, 2015]).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 16 , no. 180 , 1848, pp. 11-14 ( online [accessed July 11, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : Rusty Andean Hummingbird ( Aglaeactis cupripennis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 281.
  2. ↑ a b Thomas Scott Schulenberg u. a., p. 234.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier, p. 71.
  5. ^ John Gould, p. 12.
  6. ↑ John Todd Zimmer, pp. 9ff.
  7. ↑ John Gould, pp. 11f.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 36
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 125.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 95.

Remarks

  1. ↑ In addition to the rusty Andean hummingbird, he also assigned the black-bellied Andean hummingbird ( Aglaeactis pamela ( d'Orbigny , 1838)).