Red spring monkey
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Red monkey ( Callicebus cupreus ) |
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| Plecturocebus cupreus | ||||||||||||
| ( Spix , 1823) |
The red spring monkey ( Plecturocebus cupreus , Syn .: Callicebus cupreus ) is a primate species from the subfamily of the spring monkeys within the family of the sakia monkeys (Pitheciidae).
features
Like all spring monkeys, red monkeys are relatively small primates with thick fur. The head body length is about 30 to 35 centimeters, the tail becomes slightly longer than the body. It is bushy and cannot be used as a prehensile tail. The weight is about 1.0 to 1.2 kilograms. The fur of the red jumper monkey is colored gray-brown on the back, in the upper area of the limbs and on the tail, the belly as well as the forearms and legs are red. The head is small and round, it is colored gray-brown on the upper side, the cheek and chin hair are again reddish. In contrast to closely related species, these animals do not have a white forehead stripe.
distribution and habitat
Red jumper monkeys are among the most widespread jumper monkeys, their range includes western Brazil and eastern Peru . In the north it is bordered by the Marañón , in the west by the Río Ucayali and in the southeast by the Rio Purus . Their habitat are forests, whereby they are in different forest types, also secondary forests .
Lifestyle and diet
Like all jumping monkeys, red monkeys are diurnal tree dwellers, they rarely come to the ground. They often stay in the bushes and at low altitudes. They often move four-legged, but they can also jump well. They live in permanent monogamous family groups, the partners often stay together for life. They are territorial animals, the territories hardly overlap. With morning duets by both partners, strange animals are made aware of their own territory, but if necessary, aggressive fights can also occur.
The diet of these primates consists mainly of fruits. They also eat leaves, saplings and occasionally insects.
Reproduction
Between November and March, the female gives birth to a single young after a gestation period of around 130 days; twins are rare. After a few days, the fathers take over the brunt of raising the young, they carry it around and only bring it to the female to suckle. They are weaned after around four months and leave their family group when they are around two to three years old. Life expectancy can be around 25 years.
Danger
Red apes are widespread in a very sparsely populated area; according to the IUCN , they are not endangered species.
In Europe the species is kept in one German (Berlin), three French, two Dutch, one Swedish (Stockholm), one Swiss (Basel) and eleven British zoos.
Systematics
The red spring monkey is one of around 30 species from the subfamily of the spring monkeys (Callicebinae). He is the namesake of the cupreus species group, which today belongs to the moloch group within the genus Plecturocebus and lives mainly in the western Amazon basin. This group also includes the brown-bellied jumper monkey , the white-forehead jumper monkey , the white-tailed jumper monkey , the Stephen Nash jumper monkey and the Madidi jumper .
In its current composition, the red spring monkey is not a monophyletic taxon. Molecular genetic investigations of the mitochondrial cytochrome b genes of different specimens from the cupreus species group revealed two specimens that have been cataloged as red spring monkey, but genetically differ greatly from the species. The specimen AAM15 comes from the south bank of the central Amazon (Lake Catuá, 80 km from Tefé ) and, due to geographical criteria, could be provisionally assigned to the species Callicebus egeria (Thomas, 1908), which is considered a subspecies of the red jugular monkey or has been synonymous with it . The specimen archived under number FR62 was caught in the upper river basin of the Rio Purus in the Brazilian state of Acre , i.e. at the southwestern border of the distribution area of the red juggler monkey, and could be identical to Callicebus acreanus (Viera, 1952). The primatologist Philip Hershkovitz made C. acreanus a junior synonym of the brown jumper monkey ( C. brunneus ) in 1963 and a synonym of the red jumper monkey in 1990 due to geographical criteria.
literature
- Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin et al. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
- Marc GM van Roosmalen, Tomas van Roosmalen and Russell A. Mittermeier: A Taxonomic Review of the Titi Monkeys, Genus "Callicebus" Thomas 1903, with the description of two new species: "Callicebus bernhardi" and "Callicebus stepehnnashi", from Brazilian Amazonia . In: Neotropical Primates. 10, ISSN 1413-4703 , 2002, pp. 1-52, PDF .
- Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
supporting documents
- ↑ [1] ZTL 18.6
- ↑ Hazel Byrne, Anthony B. Rylands, Jeferson C. Carneiro, Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro, Fabricio Bertuol, Maria NF da Silva, Mariluce Messias, Colin P. Groves , Russell A. Mittermeier , Izeni Farias, Tomas Hrbek, Horacio Schneider, Iracilda Sampaio and Jean P. Boubli: Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence . Frontiers in Zoology, 2016 13:10, DOI: 10.1186 / s12983-016-0142-4
- ↑ Manuel Hoyos, Paul Bloor, Thomas Defler, Jan Vermeer, Fabio Röhe, Izeni Farias: Phylogenetic relationships within the Callicebus cupreus species Group (Pitheciidae: Primates): Biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, May 2016, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2016.05.031
