Ru kiln

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Daffodil basin with light bluish-green glaze, National Palace Museum
Warming bowl in the shape of a flower with a light bluish-green glaze, National Palace Museum
Bowl from the Percival David Collection in the British Museum

The Ru kiln ( Chinese  窑 窯  /  汝窑 , Pinyin Rǔ yáo , English Ru kiln ) was a famous porcelain or ceramic kiln - a so-called “state kiln” (guanyao) - in the time of the Northern Song Dynasty . It was one of the so-called Five Famous Kilns of the Song Dynasty .

A kiln was located in today's Ruzhou in the Chinese province of Henan . At the beginning of the Yuanyou era of the (Northern) Song dynasty , it was designated as the successor to the Ding kiln in order to burn ceramics for the imperial court, as can be found in the brush notes Laoxue to biji by the famous poet Lu You .

The blank has the gray color of incense stick ash, its glaze color is almost egg green. The burning time was short, but the quality was very fine.

Another type of green porcelain ( qingci ) was also found in the southern and northeastern municipalities of Ruzhou ; its glaze color is relatively strong compared to the Longquan kiln with a little spring onion green in it; the blank (taigu) has a slightly pale gray color. There are two types: decorations with imprints (yinhua) and those with carvings (kehua) ; The motifs are flowers and plants, waves, fish, birds, the glaze color and decorative patterns are somewhat similar to those of the Yaozhou kiln . The kiln was mainly specialized in firing ceramics for civil use, the firing time was long, it was produced in large quantities.

During the Jin ( Jurchen ) invasion , all northern kilns ceased production.

Qingliangsi

Ru Kiln Site in 1986 by Wang Liuxian near the village Qingliangsi the greater community of Daying in Baofeng , Province Henan discovered. She was examined by the Shanghai Museum under the direction of Wang Qingzhen .

The site of the “State Kiln” of Qingliangsi ( 清凉寺 汝 官窑 遗址 , Qīngliáng sì rǔ guānyáo yízhǐ ) has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (5-77) since 2001 .

Collections

According zh.wikipedia today only less than a hundred pieces of Ru kiln are preserved, known are sixty-five, of which twenty-one in the Palace Museum Taipei , seventeen in the Palace Museum Beijing , eight in Shanghai Museum , seven in the Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art in British Museum in London , England and about ten others scattered across American and Japanese museums and private collections, fewer than ten museums around the world are in possession of Ruyao porcelain.

Art market

In 1992 a xiaopan (small plate) with a diameter of 8 cm was auctioned at Sotheby’s in New York for 1.54 million dollars , and later a sanxizun (sacrificial vessel) in Hong Kong for over 50 million Hong Kong dollars .

Collections

Individual objects

Ru pottery, Song dynasty
  • Ruyao fenqing youxi 汝窑 粉 青釉 洗
  • Ruyao lianhuashi wenwan 汝窑莲 花式 温 碗
  • Ruyao pan 汝窑 盘
  • Ruyao sanxizun 汝窑 三 牺 尊 (also called Ruyao sanyangzun 汝窑 三 羊 尊 )
  • Ruyao sanzuxi 汝窑 三 足 洗
  • Ruyao sanzuzun 汝窑 三 足 樽
  • Ruyao tianlan gualing ping 汝窑 天蓝 瓜 陵 瓶
  • Ruyao tianqing wuwen tuoyuan shuixianpen 汝窑 天青 无 纹 椭圆 水仙 盆
  • Ruyao xi 汝窑 洗
  • Ruyao xiaopan 汝窑 小盘

literature

  • Wang Qingzheng, Fan Dongqing & Zhou Lili: Ruyao de faxian (The Discovery of the Ru Kiln ), Shanghai 1987; engl. Translation: Hong Kong 1991
  • Zhao Qingyun et al .: Ruyao de xin faxian (New discovery of the Ru kiln), Beijing 1991
  • Ye Zhemin and Ye Peilan: Ruyao juzhen , Beijing 2001
  • Zhao Qingyun: Song dai Ru yao . (The Ru kiln of the Song era). Zhengzhou: Henan meishu chubanshe 2003
  • Sun Xinmin: “Ruzhou Zhanggongxiang yao de faxian yu renwei” (Discovery and Discussion of the Zhanggongxiang Kiln of Ruzhou), Wenwu No. 7, 2007, pp. 83-9
  • Lin Baiting (Ed.): Da guan: Bei Song Ruyao tezhan (Grand View: Special Exhibition of Ju Ware from the Northern Sung Dynasty), Exhibition Catalog, National Palace Museum , Taipei, 2006

reference books

See also

Web links

Qingliangsi

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Also translated as “official kiln” or “official furnace”.
  2. ↑ 元祐 Yuányòu (1086-1094) of the Song Emperor Zhezhong
  3. ↑ 老 学 庵 笔记
  4. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of August 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), Archived copy ( Memento of November 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (A newer edition of this work was published in 1979 by Zhonghua shuju in Beijing.)
  5. ↑ http://www.ccm.gov.cn/show.php?aid=42569&cid=127  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ccm.gov.cn  
  6. ^ Cihai , p. 1413.
  7. ↑ http://www.ccm.gov.cn/show.php?aid=42569&cid=127  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ccm.gov.cn  
  8. ^ Cihai , p. 1413.
  9. ↑ Ibid.
  10. ↑ zh.wikipedia, article 汝窯 ( authors , accessed on April 26, 2009); for the information cf. http://www.m6789.com/wwdh/wenziindexshow.asp?id=17270  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.m6789.com  
  11. ↑ http://www.wenwuchina.com/episteme/list6/detail34/29711.html ; zh.wikipedia, article 汝窯 ( authors , accessed April 26, 2009)

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