Rudiviridae
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The virus family Rudiviridae with the only genus Rudivirus comprises non-enveloped bacteriophages with a strand of double-stranded, linear DNA as a genome . The previously classified two virus species have thermophilic archaea the department crenarchaeota to host ; its occurrence in Sulfolobus islandicus is particularly well described . The name of the family is derived from the Latin rudis (rapier, small stick), which should indicate the elongated shape of the virus.
Morphology and genome
The virions of the Rudiviridae are rod-shaped with a constant diameter of 23 nm and a variable length from 830 to 900 nm. This helical capsid is made up of spirally arranged molecules of a DNA-binding capsid protein. The turns of the spiral repeat every 4.3 nm. At the ends of the virions you can see plug-like structures that close the capsid and on which there are short fibrils .
The rudivirus genome consists of a single strand of double-stranded DNA with a size of 32 to 35 kbp . The genome contains open reading frames for 45 (SIRV-1) and 54 (SIRV-2) viral proteins. Very long repetitive sequences at the ends of the DNA strand are typical.
Systematics
- Family Rudiviridae
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- Genus Rudivirus
- Species Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 1 ( en.Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 1 , SIRV-1)
- Species Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2 ( en.Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2 , SIRV-2, type species)
- Species Acidianus rod-shaped virus 1
Originally the virus species Thermoproteus tenax virus 4 (TTV4) was classified in the genus Rudivirus . However, since the morphology differs considerably and there is insufficient sequence information, the TTV4 as an unclassified virus species was not assigned to any existing virus family. A new virus family, Bacilloviridae , has been proposed but not accepted by ICTV .
Similarities to other viruses
The genome shows similarities with the virus family Poxviridae in vertebrates . This concerns the arrangement and order of the genes as well as the replication of the genome in the infected cell. Striking sequence matches of up to 30% exist for the Lipothrixviridae family , whose members, apart from an additional virus envelope, also show a similar, helical structure of the capsid. Based on extended sequence analyzes, a common evolutionary origin of the two families Rudiviridae and Lipothrixviridae can be assumed, which is why they have been combined into a new, common order Ligamenvirales since 2012 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ W. Zillig, D. Prangishvilli et al. : Viruses, plasmids and other genetic elements of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea . FEMS Microbiol, Rev. (1996) 18 (2-3): pp. 225-236 (Review) PMID 8639330
- ↑ H. Blum, W. Zillig et al. : The genome of the archaeal virus SIRV1 has features in common with genomes of eukaryal viruses . Virology (2001) 281 (1): pp. 6-9 PMID 11222090
literature
- K. Stedman, D. Prangishvili: Family Rudiviridae . In: CM Fauquet, MA Mayo et al. : Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses , London, San Diego 2004, pp. 103-106