Rune poem
A rune poem is the name given to five medieval memorabilia that convey the names of the rune signs in poetry . Together with the other so-called Runica manuscripta , the collected manuscripts with runic texts, they are the only sources for the rune names.
Runic poems
Abecedarium Nordmannicum approx. 9th century
The abecedarium nordmannicum is probably derived from a Danish tradition Rune Poems that in a manuscript of St. Gallen Abbey Library of the monastery of St. Gall is received. The poem lists the runes of the younger Futhark , which are roughly divided into ættir .
Old English rune poem, approx. 10th century.
The old English rune poem consists of 29 stanzas rhyming with stanzas that name and paraphrase 29 run names. It was preserved in a manuscript (Cotton Otho BX fol) that was damaged in a fire in London in 1731. Today early copies must be used as a source. It is the only poem that also passed on the names of the runes of the older Futhark , because these are contained in the Anglo-Saxon Futhark .
Old Norwegian rune poem approx. 14th century
For the old Norwegian rune poem, research is also dependent on copies and prints, as it burned in the city fire of Copenhagen in 1728. It consists of 16 alliterative rune stanzas , in which both the staff and the end rhyme are used.
Old Icelandic rune poem, approx. 15th century.
The tradition of the old Icelandic rune poem is divided into four manuscripts in the Arnamagna collection , the oldest of which is dated to the 15th century . The poem consists of 16 stanzas that metrically resemble the Ljóðaháttr (a long line is always followed by a short line that sticks in itself).
The verses of the old Icelandic rune poem often resemble those of the old Norwegian. It is also the only poem that has passed down the name Ase for the a-rune . The other poems had avoided this out of fear of the pagan gods .
Old Swedish rune poem, approx. 17th century.
The old Swedish rune poem is preserved in a letter that was sent on February 12, 1600 by the Swedish student Nicolaus Andreae Granius to Bonaventura Vulcanius . It can be found in the Leiden University Library under the signature Vulc. 106. On the whole, the poem is similar to the other Scandinavian poems, but only has 14 rune names.
Summary
The run names for the original older Futhark with 24 runes were derived from the individual poems . The names have also been philologically returned from the individual Germanic languages to their ancient Germanic forms, which are used to name the runes today.
See also
literature
- Alessia Bauer: Runic poems. In: Heinrich Beck (ed.): Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Volume 25, 2nd edition. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, pp. 519-524.
- Alessia Bauer, Rudolf Simek: Runic poems - texts, investigations and comments on the entire tradition. Fassbaender, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-900538-77-8 .
- Klaus Düwel: Runic lore. 3. Edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-476-13072-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Paul Acker: Revising Oral Theory: Composition formulaic in Old English and Old Icelandic verses. Routledge , 1998, ISBN 0-8153-3102-9 .