Purple blotchy blotch

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Purple blotchy blotch
Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Purple blotchy blotch
Scientific name
Russula vinosopurpurea
Jul. Schäff.

The purple blotch ( Russula vinosopurpurea ) is a fungus from the family of the blotched relatives . It is a rarer, medium-sized blubber with a purple to red-brown, blotchy, discolored hat that has rich ocher-yellow lamellae when ripe. It tastes tolerably spicy and is a companion for oak, hornbeam and red beech.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 4–12 cm wide, firm and rather thick. When young it is arched with a slightly curved and rounded edge, later flattened and deepened in the shape of a funnel with age. The edge is often very irregularly bent and smooth for a long time. Only in old age does it sometimes have broad knuckles and furrows. The hat is often completely or partially colored purple or wine-red, sometimes in bright, sometimes in duller tones. It can also be sore or brownish red in color and have an almost blackish zone in the middle. The hat tends to be blotchy or diffuse, so that it appears as if it were brightly colored and shows fox-red, orange- or ocher-yellow, dirty-brown and even olive-green spots and occasionally also with lemon-yellow stripes. The skin of the hat is often very greasy and shines even after drying. It is firm, bare and very smooth and at least 2/3 can be peeled off in young specimens.

The cramped or distant, brittle lamellae are pale when young and deeply colored ocher when ripe and have a yolk-yellow reflex. They are blunt, broadly bulbous when the hat is pressed down, up to 14 mm high and bulged on the stem. Often the lamellae are strongly connected with cross veins. The spore powder is yolk yellow ( IVd (c) according to Romagnesi )

The 4–7 cm long and 1–2 cm wide, almost cylindrical stem is white and never reddened. It runs from the base and has a very dirty gray-brown tone with age. Young specimens have a hard, full and firm-fleshed stem, later it becomes soft, spongy, stuffed and chambered. However, it usually has a firm bark into old age.

The meat is already a bit dirty white and very firm, later it is almost entirely greyish in color and sometimes also has brownish areas. The flesh turns guaiac green and, with phenol, dirty wine-brown. With iron sulphate , the lamellae turn reddish and the meat quickly turns brick-red, with age more dirty reddish. With aniline , the lamellae first turn a bit lemon-yellow, then more orange-red. The Täubling is fresh and young almost without any odor and tastes decidedly but never unbearably hot.

Microscopic features

The rounded to elliptical spores are 8–10 µm long and 5.7–8 (–9) µm wide. The warty or blunt prickly ornament consists of up to 1.75 µm high, thick, conical and isolated, thorny warts. The Apiculus measures 1.5-1.75 × 1-1.5 microns, the Hilarfleck is relatively small and has micron diameter approximately 3 minutes. It is more or less rounded and strongly amyloid . The basidia are 35–55 µm long and 9–14 µm and each have four spores. The 70–90 µm long and 8–15 µm wide pleurocystids are very numerous. They only protruded a little and are spindle-shaped and appendiculated or pointed to different degrees . In sulfovanillin, they turn blackish-gray.

The hyphae of the cap skin are thin and not very regular. The very slender, 2–4 µm wide hairs are mostly narrowed at the top or taper towards the tip. The Pileocystiden are very numerous and often protrude far from the cell structure. They are often multiple septates, cylindrical or slender-clubbed and blunt at the tip. In sulfovanillin, they turn only slightly gray. There are also many protruding, wider or narrower cystids in the stalk bark.

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finding of the purple blotch.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The purple-spotted blotch is like all blotches a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiotic relationship with different ones. Its most important host trees are common beech, hornbeam and oak , and more rarely it also enters into a partnership with linden trees . You can find the temperate beech, beech-fir and hornbeam oak forests, as well as oak groves and parks. The Täubling occurs on fresh, neural to alkaline, sandy or loamy to clayey soils. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October.

    The purple-spotted Täubling is a rather rare, purely European species. The Täubling is absent in the higher elevations of the European low mountain ranges.

    In Germany it can be found from Holstein and Brandenburg to the High Rhine and the foothills of the Alps. It is rare and widely scattered everywhere. There are no reliable reports of finds from Austria in recent years.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The purple blotch is placed in the sub-section Maculatinae (Urentinae), which is below the section Insidiosinae (sub-genus Insidiosula ). The representatives of this subsection usually have red, yellow, or purple hats. They taste hot and have a yellow spore powder.

    meaning

    Like all sharp-tasting deafblings, the purple-spotted deafblings are not edible.

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b J. Schäffer: Russula vinosopurpurea. Contribution to Russula research II. In: Annales Mycologici 36 / cybertruffle.org.uk. 1938, p. 28 f , accessed on July 26, 2011 ((original description)).
    2. ^ Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 41 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved December 20, 2010 .
    3. ↑ H. Romagnesi: Russula vinosopurpurea. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed July 27, 2011 (French).
    4. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula vinosopurpurea. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
    5. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula vinosopurpurea. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare: Endangered).
    6. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula vinosopurpurea. ( Memento from February 13, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) at: elurikkus.ut.ee (English)
    7. ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
    8. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula vinosopurpurea. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 31, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    9. ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 588.
    10. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula vinosopurpurea. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
    11. ↑ Russula vinosopurpurea in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    12. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula vinosopurpurea. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
    13. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 10, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    14. ^ W. Demon, A. Hausknecht, I. Krisai-Greilhuber: Database of Austria's mushrooms. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, 2009, accessed September 2, 2011 .

    Web links