South Greenlandic
| South Greenlandic | ||
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Spoken in |
South Greenland | |
| speaker | maximum 8000 | |
| Linguistic classification |
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Südgrönländisch ( Kitaamiusut kujataamiusut ( like a Südgrönländer )) is a dialect of Greenland . More precisely, it is a dialect continuum that can be split into further sub-dialects.
distribution
The South Greenland dialect is spoken in the south of Greenland , i.e. in the commune of Kujalleq , as well as in the district of Paamiut and in Qeqertarsuatsiaat in the south of the district of Nuuk in the communeqarfik Sermersooq . This area has a combined population of around 8,000.
Subdivision
The southernmost subdialect of South Greenlandic is spoken in Narsarmijit and Aappilattoq . Although it is called the Cape Farvel dialect , the region around the Cape itself is unpopulated. The northern dialect covers most of the municipality of Kujalleq with the main towns Nanortalik , Narsaq and Qaqortoq . The northernmost part of the dialect continuum extends in the area in the Kommuneqarfik Sermersooq around Paamiut .
features
Phonological
The entire dialect continuum is characterized by its location south of the iu isogloss , which makes South Greenlandic, together with East Greenlandic Tunumiisut , an i dialect.
Cape Farvel dialect
In the Cape Farvel dialect, after the Tunumiisut, most of the differences compared to the Kitaamiusut can be seen. The / ɣ / is nasalized to / ŋ / . From iigaq ( wall , paneling ) is iingaq and uagut ( we ) will uangit (ui changes). Another peculiarity is the lack of affriction of the alveoli in front of / a / and / u /. West Greenlandic atsa ( aunt ) becomes atta and katsorna ( immediately , immediately , shortly after ) results in kattorna . A larger peculiarity is also the coincidence F of / / and / c / for / k / ( saggaq / sakkaq ; ringed seals Young ) and / f / to uvularisiertem vowel and / χː / to / q / ( arfineq / aqqineq ; six ). In addition, / ɬː / becomes / d͡ʒː /, for example with the word pair allaat / adžaat ( even ). In the Cape Farvel dialect, the letter combination VVCC (two vowels, followed by two consonants) is shortened to VVC, so geminates do not occur after long vowels . In addition, / sʲ / is combined with / s /. In contrast to Tunumiisut, the vowel combination / iu / does not become / iː / here, but / iji /. This is noticeable in the comparison of East Greenlandic Ittoqqortoormiit ( Illoqqortoormiut ) and South Greenlandic Narsarmijit ( Narsarmiut ).
Nanortalik-Narsaq-Qaqortoq dialect
In the main dialect of the South Greenland dialect continuum, there are far fewer differences to standard Greenlandic than further south or east. The deactivation of / t͡sːa / and / t͡sːu / to / tːa / and / tːu / can also be found here, and / sʲ / and / s / also coincide here, resulting in a middle thing of both sounds. The southern Geminata resolution into long vowels can also be observed here, which can be seen, for example, in aamma ( mother ), which is aama in southern Greenland . The equivalent / iu /> / iji / also occurs here.
Paamiut dialect
In the region around Paamiut and Qeqertarsuatsiaat, the fewest differences to Kitaamiusut can be observed due to geographical reasons. Apart from the ui change, the most important difference is the correspondence atuarfik ( school )> atavarfik . The West Greenlandic inussuit ( tall people ) results in inissivit in the Paamiut dialect, which is twice the classic ui change, the second time the unwritten <v> after <u> appears again here after <i>.
Lexically
The South Greenland lexicon differs from the West Greenland lexicon . The westgrönländische qeeraq ( Atlantic wolffish ) is in South Greenlandic kigutilik , paaq ( Sawyer ) corresponds südgrönländisch nujalik , MITEQ ( eider ) corresponds aagooq and westgrönländische pujortuleeraq ( Motor ) is pujortuaraq . There are also differences among the Greenlandic derivative morphemes . Instead of -suaq ( large ), -kulooq or -ssivasik or together -kuloorsivasik is used. Thank you in Kitaamiusut qujanarsuaq , in the Nanortalik-Narsaq-Qaqortoq dialect, however, qujanakuloorsivasik . In Narsarmijit, a different term is used, while in Paamiut the phonologically influenced qujanarsavaq is used. The same can be observed with the opposite morpheme: the more common -nnguaq ( small ) corresponds to the South Greenlandic -araq . The inflectional ending -voq (3rd person sg.) Is often -goq in South Greenland . The possessive suffix -rput ( our ) becomes -vut (as in Canada in Nunavut ) and the transitive inflectional ending -vassi (3rd person Sg./Pl. + 2nd person pl.) Corresponds to -varsinga , for example in ornissavassi ( He will go over to you. ) Which becomes ornissavarsinga .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Palle Koch et al. (Section by Robert Petersen ): Grønland . Gyldendal , Copenhagen 1975, ISBN 978-87-00-69501-6 , pp. 194-204 .
- ↑ a b c d e Robert Petersen: De grønlandske dialekters fordeling at oqaasileriffik .gl (.pdf)