SŽD series ВЛ85

SŽD series ВЛ85 (WL85)
	ВЛ85.225
Numbering:	SŽD ВЛ85.001-270
Number:	270
Manufacturer:	Electric locomotive factory Novocherkassk
Year of construction (s):	1983-1994
Axis formula :	Bo'Bo'Bo '+ Bo'Bo'Bo'
Gauge :	1,520 mm
Length over buffers:	45,000 mm
Bogie axle base:	2,900 mm
Smallest bef. Radius:	125 m (at 10 km / h)
Service mass:	288 t
Top speed:	110 km / h
Hourly output :	10,020 kW
Continuous output :	9,360 kW
Starting tractive effort:	740 kN
Power system :	25 kV 50 Hz ~
Number of traction motors:	12

The SŽD series ВЛ85 (German transcription WL 85) of the Soviet Railways (SŽD) is a twelve-axle freight train - electric locomotive . It was developed from the ВЛ80 ^c and is considered one of the most powerful locomotives in the world. It was delivered from 1983 to 1994. In operational service, the locomotives have the nickname Byk (corresponding to "bull", "bull") due to their characteristic appearance and size.

history

The first electric locomotive in the series was built by the Novocherkassk electric locomotive factory in May 1983. The second locomotive was also completed at the end of the year. The test locomotives were first tested on the test ring of the manufacturer, later the test took place on the test ring of the All-Russian Research Institute for Rail Transport . The operational tests were carried out on various routes of the Severo-Kawkasskaya zheleznaja doroga . The results of this test confirmed that the locomotive was of very good quality.

In 1986 the production of a pre-series of the locomotive began in the Novocherkassk electric locomotive factory , and in the same year the series production of the locomotives began. This was continued until 1994, a total of 270 locomotives were produced.

The last two locomotives were delivered to the Nizhneudinsk locomotive depot in 1994 . All locomotives in the series are currently assigned to the Vostochno-Sibirskaya zhelesnaja doroga , where they transport the heaviest freight trains on the routes around Nizhneudinsk.

Construction of the electric locomotive

The structural design based on the sketch, meaning:

1: the block of low-voltage equipment (converters, block of automatic management, etc.)
2: the motor compressor
3: Auxiliary machine equipment block
4: pantograph
5: main switch
6: main air reservoir
7: Inclined fume cupboards to distribute the force on the bogies
8: Traction drive motors
ббр: ballast weights
мВ: motorized fan
Вип: rectifier and converter
бса: block of driving devices

The electric locomotive of the series ВЛ85 ( WL85 ) is composed of two separate six-axle sections. The box in each section rests on three two-axle bogies. The tractive and braking forces of all bogies were transferred by means of inclined triggers. In the case of the outer bogies, these were connected to the coupling, which provided a certain compensation for axle relief; in the middle bogie, this compensation was missing, so that special measures were necessary on the locomotive to prevent traction restrictions due to axle relief. In addition, the point of transmission of the power amplification is located below the axles, so the moment from them is not combined with the torque on the wheels, which also reduces the load on the axles when starting off. The middle bogie is designed in such a way that the lateral displacement increased when cornering. The smallest curve radius traveled is the same as that of the four-axle sections of the predecessor locomotives.

The entire locomotive has only two pantographs, each placed above the driver's cab. A transformer with the designation ОНДЦЭ-10000/25 ( ONDZE 10000/25 ) with a nominal output of 7100 kVA is installed on each section . It has two windings for high voltage, three power windings with two outlets each, windings for personal use also with two outlets, and windings for the excitation of the traction drive motors in the resistance brake regime . There are three rectifier units ВИП-4000 ( WIP-4000 ) on each section . A rectifier unit feeds a series of two traction motors operated by direct current in a bogie. Furthermore, the rectifier unit allows easy regulation against voltage fluctuations in the contact wire by opening thyristors and, conversely, converting the braking current into alternating current for feeding back into the contact line.

For the test electric locomotives, traction drive motors of the type НБ-418К6 ( NB-418K6 ), as used in the SŽD series ВЛ80 , were used. For this purpose, unified wheels like those used in the SŽD series ВЛ10 were used. Other motor-wheel blocks were originally planned, but were not yet available when the locomotive was built. The traction drive motors НБ-514 ( NB-514 ) were then available for the series locomotives . In these engines, the aerodynamic resistance of the cooling ducts was greatly reduced, which made it possible to halve the number of engine fans for the cooling air. For the cooling of the electrical devices, the following scheme was applied to the ВЛ85 - first a fan cooled a rectifier and then the smoothing reactor and then the traction drive motors. A special fan was installed to cool the transformer.

For the first time a block of the automatic management БАУ-2 ( BAU-2 ) was used in the electric locomotive , this allowed an automatic support of the current of the traction motors, and thus an automatic regulation of the speed with driving and braking movements. The driver's cab was also changed; Up until now it was customary to separate the desks for the engine driver and the auxiliary machinist, but with the ВЛ85 only one desk was used that was located in the front part of the cabin.

business

The deployment profile of the electric locomotives extends around the area from Nizhneudinsk to the Borsja station on the Vostochno-Sibirskaya zhelesnaja doroga . The friction of the locomotives was sometimes worse than with the series ВЛ80 ^P due to the axle relief described , even though the performance could be increased significantly.

A few of the locomotives had to be retired in 2006 after accidents or fires.