S-tog
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S-tog København S-Bahn Copenhagen |
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S-tog is the S-Bahn in the greater area of the Danish capital Copenhagen . The S-tog system has developed gradually since the first electrically operated railway line in Denmark was commissioned in 1934 and today comprises seven lines. These serve a 170-kilometer route network with 84 stations that is completely independent of the rest of the regional and long-distance network. The operator was the public limited company DSB S-tog , which was dissolved on May 24, 2013 and is a 100 percent subsidiary of the Danish state railways DSB .
The Copenhagen S-Bahn, together with the Metro, is the main carrier of public transport in the city of Copenhagen. There are around 1,100 S-tog journeys every day, carrying around 340,000 passengers, including around 4,000 users with bicycles.
history
The name was chosen through a poll conducted by the Danish newspaper Politiken on February 17, 1934. The “S”, inspired by the German system (see S-Bahn ), does not stand for “Schnell-” or “Stadt” -bahn, but has no fixed meaning.
The first line Klampenborg – Hellerup – Vanløse – Frederiksberg was opened on April 3, 1934 and was also the first electrically operated railway line in the country (except trams). On May 5, 1934, the line followed from Hellerup to København H, which was extended from November 1 to Valby. In the course of the following decades the network was extended to the neighboring towns of Hillerød and Køge and the suburbs of Farum, Ballerup and Høje Tåstrup.
In 2005 the last line was opened for the time being, the southern part of the ring line from Flintholm to Ny Ellebjerg, which, together with the long-standing northern ring line, enables journeys between north and south without using the main line through the city center. The new route section was previously a non-electrified bypass route only used by freight trains.
Route network
The stretches of the S-tog system open up the west and north of the greater Copenhagen area. The main route runs from Valby via København H (central station), Nørreport (crossing point with the metro ) and Østerport to Svanemøllen and Hellerup .
The S-Bahn network in Copenhagen was the first and for a long time the only part of the Danish railway network to be electrified. The direct current system with 1.65 kV and a regular contact line was used. It was not until the 1980s that the electrification of the long-distance rail network began in Denmark. In 1986 the first section was put into operation, but with 25 kV AC voltage and a frequency of 50 Hz. The platform height is also different from that of the long-distance railway. As a result, the S-Bahn network is completely separated from the regional and long-distance network. On central routes (e.g. from Klampenborg to Hellerup and along the entire main route through København H to Høje-Taastrup), two S-Bahn and two mainline tracks run parallel. On some S-Bahn routes there are also freight trains hauled by diesel locomotives that are independent of the catenary. In the course of a planned extension of the S-Bahn to Roskilde, two-system S-Bahn trains were used; However, technical problems led to the abandonment of the project.
In 1989 the regional line to Frederikssund was included in the S-Bahn network; unlike the other lines, it was single-track and had crossings, but was otherwise fully integrated into the S-Bahn cycle timetable. In 2000 it was expanded to two tracks. At the same time, the branch line from Vanløse to Frederiksberg, which was previously served by the Klampenborg – Nørrebro – Vanløse – Frederiksberg line, had to be closed. It was incorporated into the Copenhagen Metro network in 2002 . In this context, the arch of the ring line to Vanløse station was also omitted. The tower station Flintholm was set up as a replacement.
A new timetable has been in effect since September 23, 2007. The number of lines was reduced. But now all lines run every 10 minutes (except for lines Bx and H), the half-ring line F even every 5 minutes. There used to be a 20-minute cycle on all lines. The baselines were marked with letters (e.g. A), the reinforcement lines on weekdays were given a "+" (e.g. A +) and lines that mostly only drove during rush hour traffic with the omission of a few stops received an "x" ( e.g. Bx). The latter designation has been retained in the Bx line.
In spite of the increased frequency, lines E, H and Bx are still operated as express lines. They do not stop at all stations and thus enable shorter travel times to the more distant suburbs of Copenhagen. Since the lines serving all stations now run all day at an exact 10-minute cycle, the express lines can sometimes no longer skip as many stations as before, as the double-track routes do not allow overtaking.
Line overview
(As of December 19, 2019)
| line | Line route | Tact | Remarks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monday-Friday (during the day) |
Saturday, Sunday (during the day) |
in the evening | Nights after Friday and Saturday |
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Hillerød - København H - Hundige (- Solrød Strand) | 10 min | - | - | - | between Solrød Strand and Hundige only every 20 minutes, between Holte and Hellerup stop only in Lyngby |
| Hillerød - København H - Køge | - | 10 min | 20 min | 30 min | ||
|
Farum - København H - Høje Taastrup | 10 min | 10 min | 20 min | 30 min | |
|
Farum - København H - Høje Taastrup | (20 min) | - | - | - | only in the peak hours , without stopping between Danshøy and Glostrup |
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Klampenborg - København H - Ballerup (- Frederikssund) | 10 min | 10 min | 20 min | 30 min | Mondays-Fridays between Ballerup and Frederikssund only every 20 minutes |
|
Holte - København H - Køge | 10 min | - | - | - | without stopping between Ny Ellebjerg and Ishøy |
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Ny Ellebjerg - Flintholm - Hellerup | 5 min | 10 min | 10 min | 30 min | |
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Frederikssund - København H - Østerport | 20 min | - | - | - | without stopping between Valby and Flintholm, between Vanløse and Herlev and also not in Skovlunde and Kildedal |
security system
Almost the entire network is controlled by the system "Hastighedcontrol og automatisk togstop (HKT)" ( German roughly "speed control and automatic train stop" ). This system is based on a line cable .
The Danish network operator Banedanmark announced on December 10, 2008 that it would replace all train control systems in Denmark with ETCS Level 2. The only exception to this was to equip the S-tog network with a CBTC system with moving block in order to achieve short headway times. On January 24, 2010, Siemens was announced as the preferred bidder . The CBTC system should be fully operational by 2018. The contract was signed on August 5, 2011.
On April 4, 2016, the CBTC was opened on the route between Hillerød and Jægersborg. Various adaptations have been made to meet Danish requirements. Since February 17, 2016, this was the first S-Bahn line in Copenhagen on which the system was tested in practice. Over the next few years, the entire network is to be converted to this technology.
vehicles
First generation car
Second generation car (since 1966, withdrawn from February 2007)
Third generation car since 1986, withdrawn from June 2006
Fourth generation eight-car train (line C) (since 1996)
Fourth generation four-car unit (double unit, line F)
Individual evidence
- ↑ DSB S-TOG A / S (OPLØST). Virk.dk, May 24, 2013, archived from the original on November 3, 2009 ; accessed on February 14, 2014 .
- ↑ Køreplaner S tog. Gyldig fra December 16, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Danes pick Level 2 . In: Railway Gazette International . tape 165 , no. 1 , 2009, ISSN 0373-5346 , p. 10 .
- ↑ Morten Søndergaard, Jost Lüking: Managing Banedanmark's signaling program . In: Railway Gazette International . tape 168 , no. 3 , 2012, ISSN 0373-5346 , p. 41-44 .
- ^ Stefan Schwaab: The route to approval . In: Railway Gazette International . tape 168 , no. 3 , 2012, ISSN 0373-5346 , p. 47-49 .
- ↑ Nu kører S-togene in fuld trafik på nyt signal system. bane.dk, April 4, 2016, archived from the original on April 4, 2016 ; accessed on May 13, 2019 (Danish).
Web links
- Official website (English, Danish)
- Karsten Leiding: Railways in Copenhagen / The emergence of the S-Tog 1926 - 1950. Accessed on October 19, 2016 .