Communication-Based Train Control

Overview of CBTC

Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) is a train control system that is mainly used in local transport systems and subways . High-performance data communication between the vehicle and track equipment, working in both directions, is used to ensure safe operation and to issue driving licenses to the vehicles. The basic function of the system can be expanded to include door control or passenger information. The requirements and the general system architecture of CBTC systems are defined in several IEEE standards.

functionality

Basically all CBTC systems work in the same way: A trackside computer tracks all trains on the track that are connected to this computer. This allows the trains to run closer together than on manually monitored routes. This trackside computer supplies the vehicle computers with appropriate guidance data.

A CBTC system can cover different levels:

Automatic Train Protection (ATP) / train control
Automatic Train Operation (ATO) / Fully automatic train operation
Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) / train control system

Depending on the type of transmission between trackside facilities and the vehicles, a distinction is made between rail-dependent, loop-based and radio-supported CBTC systems:

coded track circuits (rail train control)
Line conductor loops ( control of line lines )

Radio transmission (radio train control)

CBTC systems typically integrate the functions of train protection, automatic driving, interlocking and control in one system.

CBTC systems allow driving in a moving distance (moving block).

commitment

New York Subway : CBTC is used on the New York subway on lines L and 7 .

Metro Madrid: CBTC is in passenger service on line 6 of the Madrid metro .

Canada: CBTC systems are used on mass transit systems in Toronto and on SkyTrain Vancouver , where loops are used for transmission.

MRT Singapore: At the MRT in Singapore , both local transport systems, the North East Line and the Circle Line, are based on CBTC.

Metro Paris: 3 different systems are in use or under construction at Métro Paris :

The two fully automated routes with driverless trains, i. H. the line 1 and the line 14 are less than the system SAET operated (= Système d'automatisation de l'exploitation of trains).

In the line 13 , the system is OURAGAN (= Offre urbaine renouvelée améliorée et Geree par un nouveau automatisme) since July 2017 in full operation.

The OCTYS system (= Open Control of Trains, Interchangeable & Integrated System) is in preparation for the routes Line 3 , Line 5 , Line 9 , Line 10 and Line 12 . In spring 2015, test drives took place on routes 5 and 9. In July 2015, line 5 was completely closed to the public for three days in order to introduce the latest version of OCTYS. As with the other systems, the target is to reduce the minimum time interval between two successive trains to 90 s.

Train monitoring and control is to be modernized on all Paris metro lines by 2030.

Denmark
- Copenhagen S-Bahn : On April 4, 2016, the new Trainguard MT signaling system was opened on the route between Hillerød and Jægersborg . Various adaptations have been made to meet Danish requirements. Since February 17, 2016, this was the first S-Bahn line in Copenhagen on which the system was tested in practice. Over the next few years, the entire network is to be converted to this technology.

CBTC is currently (May 2019) in operation on the following routes:

820: Svanemøllen (Sam) - Hillerød (Hi)

860: Hellerup (Hl) - Klampenborg (Kl)

880: (Lersøen) (Ryt) - Hellerup (Hl)

Germany
- Radio operation : Trials on the Osnabrück – Brackwede railway line from 1998. It was discontinued in 2000 after two years.
- Munich subway : CBTC introduction planned as a pilot project from 2023.
- Nuremberg underground : Driverless fully automatic operation on U2 (since 2010) and U3 (since 2008)
- Frankfurt U-Bahn: pilot project from 2025 on the main B line.
Great Britain: The Crossrail project is to receive a CBTC system.

Turkey: In the Marmaray tunnel, CBTC is used for S-Bahn, long-distance traffic uses ETCS Level 1 .
Thessaloniki subway (Greece): The subway under construction in Thessaloniki is to be operated entirely with CBTC.

Web links

IEEE Std 1474 Series, Communications Based Train Control (CBTC). CBTC standardization by IEEE
A detailed overview of planned CBTC projects (as of 2005; English)

Individual evidence

^ F. Richard Yu: Advances in Communications-Based Train Control Systems . CRC Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4822-5745-8 , pp. XV ( google.ch [accessed April 10, 2020]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Ian Mitchell: ETCS or CBTC on cross-city links? In: Railway Gazette International . tape 169 , no. 4 , 2013, ISSN 0373-5346 , p. 32-36 .
↑ 7 train gets automatic train operation . In: The Bulletin . tape 62 , no. 6 , June 2019, p. 1 ( erausa.org [PDF]).
↑ La Comunidad incorpora a las líneas 1 y 6 de metro el sistema de seguridad y control más avanzado del mundo. ( Memento of September 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) July 19, 2008.
^ Métro - transportparis - Le webmagazine des transports parisiens. Retrieved May 18, 2018 .
↑ RATP press release of July 15, 2015 (French) accessed on August 11, 20151 ( Memento of the original of September 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Nu kører S-togene in fuld trafik på nyt signal system. (No longer available online.) Bane.dk, April 4, 2016, archived from the original on April 4, 2016 ; Retrieved April 4, 2016 (Danish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Copenhagen's S-Bahn on the way to automatic operation. In: press release. Siemens AG, Wittelsbacherplatz 2, D-80333 Munich, March 22, 2016, accessed on January 21, 2017 .
↑ editorial mvg.de: digitization of the Munich subway. Accessed January 2, 2020 .
↑ dkd Internet Service GmbH: "Digital Train Control": The VGF is modernizing the subway with the train protection system of tomorrow. Retrieved March 19, 2020 .

[1] F. Richard Yu: Advances in Communications-Based Train Control Systems . CRC Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4822-5745-8 , pp. XV ( google.ch [accessed April 10, 2020]).

[rgz-2013-4-33-2] Ian Mitchell: ETCS or CBTC on cross-city links? In: Railway Gazette International . tape 169 , no. 4 , 2013, ISSN 0373-5346 , p. 32-36 .

[3] 7 train gets automatic train operation . In: The Bulletin . tape 62 , no. 6 , June 2019, p. 1 ( erausa.org [PDF]).

[4] La Comunidad incorpora a las líneas 1 y 6 de metro el sistema de seguridad y control más avanzado del mundo. ( Memento of September 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) July 19, 2008.

[5] Métro - transportparis - Le webmagazine des transports parisiens. Retrieved May 18, 2018 .

[6] RATP press release of July 15, 2015 (French) accessed on August 11, 20151 ( Memento of the original of September 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[7] Nu kører S-togene in fuld trafik på nyt signal system. (No longer available online.) Bane.dk, April 4, 2016, archived from the original on April 4, 2016 ; Retrieved April 4, 2016 (Danish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[8] Copenhagen's S-Bahn on the way to automatic operation. In: press release. Siemens AG, Wittelsbacherplatz 2, D-80333 Munich, March 22, 2016, accessed on January 21, 2017 .

[9] torial mvg.de: digitization of the Munich subway. Accessed January 2, 2020 .

[10] Internet Service GmbH: "Digital Train Control": The VGF is modernizing the subway with the train protection system of tomorrow. Retrieved March 19, 2020 .