Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut
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|---|---|---|---|
| State level | state | ||
| Position of the authority | Administrative authority below the Ministry of the Environment | ||
| Consist | since 1919 | ||
| Headquarters | Norrkoping | ||
| Authority management | Rolf Brennerfelt | ||
| Employee | 640 Status: 2019 | ||
| Website | www.smhi.se | ||
Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut ( SMHI for short, German Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute ) is a Swedish state administrative authority that has the task of monitoring weather, water, climate and the environment and making forecasts . The work of the SMHI is based on the four scientific areas of meteorology , hydrology , oceanography and climatology .
The SMHI was founded in 1919 and was initially based in Stockholm , and since 1975 it has been based in Norrköping . There are branches in Gothenburg , Malmö , Upplands Väsby and Sundsvall .
history
The predecessor organization of the SMHI was the Statens Meteorologiska Central Anstalt (German State Meteorological Central Institution ) founded in 1874 . It was a free-standing part of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . The institute published the first weather forecast for the general public on July 1, 1874 and issued the first daily Swedish weather forecast on July 15, 1880. In 1882 a cooperation with Statens Järnvägar was started and weather stations were set up at larger train stations. In 1908 the authority Hydrografiska byrån (German Hydrographic Office ) was set up, which should record the water level and amount of water in Swedish waterfalls and rivers.
From these two meteorological and hydrological institutes, Statens meteorologisk-hydrografiska anstalt (SMHA, German State meteorological-hydrographic institute ) emerged in 1919 with Axel Wallén as the first senior director and head. In 1921 SMHA was also given responsibility for oceanography when the Nautisk-Meteorologiska byrån was closed. Between 1929 and 1930, the ice signal service was also taken over by the Lotsverket . From 1936 SMHA provided a telephone announcement service with local weather forecasts for Stockholm, known as " Fröken Väder " (German Fräulein Wetter ). On July 1, 1945, SMHA changed its name to SMHI, as the term institution was perceived as a care facility.
Sweden's first weather forecast was broadcast on television in 1954, but it could only be received in and around Stockholm. From August 9, 1957, the weather forecast was then regularly available on Swedish television . In 1975 the SMHI moved its headquarters to Norrköping. In 1985, the hydrographic laboratory of the Fisheries Authority ( Swedish Fiskeristyrelsen ) was incorporated into the institute. Since 1985 the SMHI has participated in the so-called Hirlamprojekt , which developed a weather forecast model of the same name.
tasks
Since the 19th century, the SMHI and its predecessor organizations have recorded data on the atmosphere, inland lakes and the ocean. Today satellites, radar, aircraft and buoys are used for this purpose. The SMHI processes the data and creates forecasts, decision documents for weather-dependent activities as well as documents for climate scenarios and climatological studies on behalf of the state.
In addition, the SMHI provides services for the general public: private individuals and commercial enterprises can purchase tailor-made forecasts. For example, customized services are offered for the energy, aviation and shipping industries. TV stations and newspapers acquire data for their weather reports from the SMHI. In 2013 the SMHI achieved a turnover of 650 million crowns .
For the weather forecast the SMHI divides Sweden into 19 forecast areas.
The SMHI also conducts applied meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic research, as well as climate research and research on related environmental topics. The research department comprises around 100 scientists.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.smhi.se/en/about-smhi/who-we-are/management-1.8355
- ↑ a b c SMHI: Kort om SMHI. (Swedish)
- ↑ SMHI: Ny organization och nytt namn 1945. (Swedish)
- ↑ SMHI: Districtsindelningen. - Weather districts of the SMHI ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Swedish)
- ^ SMHI: Research for more accurate decisions and better information. (English)
