R-29

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The R-29 is a submarine -assisted ballistic ICBM ( SLBM ) from the Soviet / Russian production, the exist in different variants. The US Department of Defense or NATO uses several code names for different variants of the R-29: (SS-N-8 Sawfly, SS-N-18 Stingray, SS-N-23 Skiff).

technology

All versions are two-stage liquid propellant missiles. The R-29 used the storable liquid fuels UDMH and nitrogen tetroxide as fuel . The R-29 is controlled by means of an inertial navigation platform and an optoelectronic system for astronavigation . A precision ( CEP ) of 500–1500 m is achieved (depending on the version). The guided weapons can be fired from the surface or from the submerged submarine.

A civil version for launching satellites is used under the names Wolna and Shtil .

variants

R-29

The R-29 was introduced in 1974 and was named SS-N-8 Sawfly mod 1 by NATO . The submarines of the Delta I class serve as the launch platform . Each submarine of this class is armed with 12 R-29 guided missiles.

R-29D

The improved R-29D was introduced in 1974 and was named SS-N-8 Sawfly mod 2 by NATO . The submarines of the Delta I class serve as the launch platform . Each submarine of this class is armed with 12 R-29D guided missiles.

R-29K

The R-29K was introduced in 1978 and was named SS-N-18 Stingray mod 1/2 by NATO . The submarines of the Delta II class serve as the launch platform . Each submarine of this class is armed with 16 R-29K guided missiles.

R-29RL

The R-29R was introduced in 1979 and was named SS-N-18 Stingray mod 3 by NATO . The submarines of the Delta III class serve as the launch platform , of which up to 6 are still in service in Russia. Each submarine of this class is armed with 16 R-29RL guided missiles. The last flights of R-29RL missiles took place successfully on October 6th and 7th from the submarines Georgiy Pobedonosets and Ryazan from the Sea of ​​Okhotsk with the target points on the Kanin Peninsula . The rocket is offered for civilian launches of small satellites as Wolna .

R-29RM

The R-29RM was introduced in 1986 and was named SS-N-23 Skiff by NATO . In 1999 Russia resumed the previously stopped production. Under the designation R-29RMU Sinewa , it is the only SLBM in Russia currently in series production. The newly produced ones replace older missiles on the Delta IV boats.

The submarines of the Delta IV class serve as the launch platform, 6 of which are currently in service in Russia. Each submarine of this class is armed with 16 R-29RM guided missiles. During a test in October 2008, the rocket flew over its full range and hit a target in the equatorial Pacific region after a flight of more than 11,500 km. The successful test flight took place on July 28, 2011 from the submarine K-84 ("Yekaterinburg") in the Barents Sea. This was the third test launch of an R-29RM from Yekaterinburg in 2011. The latest version of the rocket is the R-29RMU2.1 "Liner", which was first tested on May 20, 2011. This carries 10 warheads of the same type, which are also used on the RSM-56 Bulawa and the RS-24 Jars . The rocket is also offered as a shtil for civilian small satellite launches .

A Russian military expert discussed in Novaya Gazeta in August 2019 the possibility of developing a variant of the system that could be stationed on the seabed; For him it was obvious that the power supply to be maintained over a longer period of time would be ensured by means of a radionuclide battery , which in turn would have been the possible radiation source of the nuclear accident on the naval base of Njonoksa on August 8, 2019. Due to the decay elements , however, contrary to official statements, a radionuclide battery may not have been responsible for the radiation in that accident.

Technical specifications

Comparison of R-29, R-29RL, R-39, R-29RM, JL-1 and JL-2 (China)
R-29 R-29D R-29K R-29RL R-29RM
Introductory year 1974 1974 1978 1979 1986
Takeoff mass 32,800 kg 33,300 kg 34,388 kg 35,300 kg 40,300 kg
diameter 1.80 m 1.90 m
length 13.20 m 13.00 m 14.40 m 14.09 m 14.80 m
stages 2 3
Mass of the warhead 680 kg 860 kg 820 kg
Throwing mass 1600 kg 2800 kg
Range 7700 km 9100 km 8000 km 6500 km 8310 km
Warhead 1 RV 1 RV or 3 MIRV 3 MIRV (tested with 7) 4 MIRV (R-29RMU: 10 MIRV)
Explosive power per warhead 800 kT RV: 450 kT, MIRV: 200 kT 100 kT 100 kT

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Two test launches of R-29R missiles , http://russianforces.org/
  2. ↑ Sineva extended range launch , http://russianforces.org/
  3. ↑ Ekaterinburg submarine successfully launches R-29RM Sineva missile
  4. ↑ What is Liner SLBM?
  5. ↑ http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/08/multiple_warheads_of_the_liner.shtml
  6. ^ Liner SLBM explained
  7. ↑ What is now known about the nuclear accident at the White Sea - and why it casts a bad light on the authorities by Markus Ackeret, Neue Zürcher Zeitung , 23 August 2019
  8. ↑ Argument in favor of Skiff , Novaya Gazeta, August 17, 2019
  9. ↑ Russia says radioactive isotopes released by mystery blast , The Guardian, August 26, 2019
  10. ↑ Christian Speicher, Andreas Rüesch: "The evidence from Russia clearly points to an accident with a nuclear reactor" Neue Zürcher Zeitung of August 28, 2019