Project 667BDR

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Project 667BDR
Project 667BDR
Project 667BDR
Ship data
country Soviet UnionSoviet Union (naval war flag) Soviet Union / Russia
RussiaRussia (naval war flag) 
Shipyard Shipyard 402 in Severodvinsk
Construction period 1974 to 1980
Units built 13 (+1)
Ship dimensions and crew
length
155 m ( Lüa )
width 11.7 m
Draft Max. 8.7 m
displacement surfaced: 10,600 t
submerged: 13,700 t
 
crew 135 men
Machine system
machine Main drive:

2 OK-700A - pressurized water reactors 180 MW

propeller 2 five-leaf
Mission data submarine
Diving depth, normal 320 m
Immersion depth, max. 400 m
Top
speed
submerged
24 kn (44 km / h)
Top
speed
surfaced
14 kn (26 km / h)
Armament
Sensors

MGK-400- "Rubicon" - Sonar
MRP-10- "Saliw-P" - ESM system
MRK-50- "Kaskad" - Radar
MRK-57- "Korma" -radar

Project 667BDR , alias "Kalmar" ( Russian Кальмар ), is a class of Soviet ballistic missile submarines . It is referred to by NATO as the Delta III class .

Project 667BDR is a further development of Project 667BD with the aim of adapting the new project for the more powerful, but also significantly larger, R-29R ICBMs.

development

The decision to build Project 667BDR was made when the new R-29R ICBM became available. For the first time, the R-29R missile not only carried one warhead, but was also equipped with up to four MIRV warheads that could target separate targets. These warheads were many times more precise than their predecessors and thus made it possible to attack not only area targets such as cities, but also strongly fortified point targets such as command bunkers and concrete missile silos. The rocket's dimensions and performance were determined in 1972, and development began in 1973.

technology

hull

Like its predecessors, the 155-meter-long 667BDR project was constructed with a double-walled pressure hull.

The pressure hull itself was divided into ten watertight, lockable compartments:

  • 1: Torpedo room with torpedo tubes, reserve torpedoes, front exit hatch, first battery set, control units for the sonar system
  • 2: Accommodation on two decks and second battery pack on the third deck
  • 3: Control center with control instruments, radio room and access to the tower
  • 4: Missile Division 1 with eight missile silos
  • 5: Missile Department 2 with eight missile silos and control facilities
  • 6: Technical department with tanks for diesel fuel
  • 7: Reactor department with the two VM reactors positioned one behind the other
  • 8: front machine department with turbines, condensers, electric motors
  • 9: rear machine department with turbines, condensers, electric motors
  • 10: stern area with rear exit hatch, access lock, steering gear for the stern rudder and trigger for the emergency buoy

drive

Main source of project 667BDR is the OK-700A-reactor complex with two World Cup-4-S - pressurized water reactors . The two reactors together provide 180 MW of thermal energy, which is used to generate steam that drives two GTSA turbines. The turbines can transmit up to 20,000 HP (14,710 kW) to the two shafts , which move the submarine forward at a top speed of 24 knots via the two propellers in diving mode. Two DW-460 diesel engines can alternatively provide 460 kW drive energy each by burning diesel fuel with atmospheric oxygen, which can be sucked into the boat on the surface through ventilation openings or at periscope depth using a snorkel .

Both energy sources can also charge the lead accumulators in the fuselage via a generator .

Range

Project 667BDR is not subject to range restrictions due to its nuclear drive. Only the supplies of food and consumables carried for the crew limit the service life of the boats to an estimated 80 days.

Sensors and communication systems

Project 667BDR is equipped with an Almas-BDR combat information system , a Tobol-M-1 navigation system and a Molnija-M communication system. The last boats in the class received the improved Tobol-M-2. The Tobol-M-1 is able to calculate exactly the changes in position of the submerged operating boat for two days after a position has been determined, before a new bearing has to be carried out near the surface.

The sonar system on Project 667BDR is the MGK-400 "Rubicon". The cylindrical receiving and transmitting antennas of the system are installed below and above the bow torpedo tubes. The system can work in active and passive mode and locate signals down to the infrasound range .

An MT-70-8 and a PZNG-8M periscope are installed on the tower, plus a “Wolna” periscope for astronomical navigation and a “Saiga” radiometric sextant (NATO: Cod Eye).

Project 667BDR is equipped with a retractable radar sensor of the type MRK-50 "Kaskad" (NATO: Snoop Tray 2), combined with an MRK-57 "Korma", to search for surface contacts, which works in the X-band . In addition, a system for friend-foe recognition of the type "Nichrom-M" is installed.

On the tower, directly behind the bridge watch, is the extendable mast with the “Sintes” sensor (NATO: Pert Spring) for the “Tobol” navigation system.

An extendable mast with an ESM sensor type MRP-21 "Saliw-P" (NATO: Brick Pulp) is installed on the rear edge of the tower.

Project 667BDR has several redundant communication systems that allowed contact with headquarters and friendly forces. For this purpose, several transmission antennas for radio communication are installed on the tower.

For long-range communication when submerged at an extremely low frequency , the boats have a "Parawan" type towed antenna. This antenna can be unwound from a winch that is located immediately behind the missile shafts. The winch is mounted under a hatch between the pressure hull and the outer shell and can release the antenna, which, held in suspension by a small floating body, can be towed behind the boat.

Armament

The view aft from the bridge of a Project 667BDR boat shows the shafts for the retracted sensors and antennas on the tower and the 16 open missile shafts in the background

Project 667BDR carries 16 R-29R intercontinental ballistic missiles (NATO: SS-N-18) in separate silos. The weapons are controlled by the D-9R missile complex. In contrast to Project 667BD, all missiles can be launched in a single salvo.

The R-29R missile has an interchangeable tip so that different quantities and types of MIRV warheads can be carried. The missile identifier changes accordingly:

  • R-29R with three warheads, each with 0.2 megatons of explosive power and a range of 6,500 km
  • R-29RK with seven warheads, each with 0.1 megatons of explosive power and a range of 6,500 km
  • R-29RL with a warhead with 0.45 megatons of explosive power at a range of 9,000 km

For self-defense, each boat carries four bow torpedo tubes in caliber 533 mm. The two 400 mm tubes of the previous classes are no longer available. 16 torpedoes for the 533 mm tubes can be carried on board. The torpedo models SET-65, SAET-60M, 53-65K or 53-65M can be used.

disposal

The disposal of the boats in the 667BDR project consisted of three steps: rendering the rocket launcher unusable, securing and storing the reactor section, and scrapping the boats. The work was initially financed by the Soviet Union and later by Russia as an obligation under the START contracts, but later also financially supported by the USA as part of the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program. The work is carried out for boats of the Northern Fleet by the “Nerpa” and the “Svyosdotschka” shipyards.

variants

Project 09786

Project 09786 is a conversion that was only made on the boat K-129 in order to be able to use the submarine as a carrier or base for mini-submarines. To do this, the missile silos were removed and other modifications made, the details of which are unknown. A comparable conversion had already been carried out on a boat from Project 667A under the name Project 09774 .

units

K-433 in the dock. In the rear part of the boat, the two inlet shafts for the cooling water of the two reactors can be seen on the underside of the hull.
The top edge of the tower of K-433 was dented when it collided with a block of ice when the boat moved into the Pacific in 1983.

K-424

The boat was laid on January 30, 1974 as Project 667BD with the construction number 355 but was converted to Project 667 BDR during the construction period; However, the electronic equipment with the old MGK-100 "Kerch" sonar system remained unchanged, only the missile complex was modernized to the D-9R.

K-424 was launched on December 31, 1975. The boat was damaged during the acceptance tests in September 1976 when it hit the bottom at a depth of 200 meters. The repair took a month. On January 18, 1981, a smoldering cigarette butt caused a fire to break out in an activated carbon filter in the control room, forcing the boat to surface. In 1982 the boat made several surfacing maneuvers through the Arctic ice sheet and in 1984 it was on a patrol that led K-424 to the equator . In 1986, she carried out a test launch of a missile without a sharp warhead on the surface, but this failed when the main drive of the missile did not fire and the weapon fell back onto the deck of the submarine shortly after leaving the tube. The rocket's fuel burned on deck for two hours before fire engines brought the fire under control. On March 28, 1995 the boat was taken out of service. In 2000 it began being scrapped at the "Svyosdotschka" shipyard.

K-441

K-441 was laid down in Severodvinsk on May 7, 1974 and launched on May 25, 1976. The boat was assigned to the Northern Fleet and subsequently carried out numerous missions and patrols. In 1988 the boat was transferred to the Pacific Fleet and stationed in Vilyuchinsk . K-441 was decommissioned on March 28, 1995.

K-449

The boat was laid down on July 19, 1974 in Severodvinsk and launched on July 29, 1976. She was assigned to the Northern Fleet and collided with an unknown submarine during a dive in 1983. In August 2001 she was decommissioned and towed to the scrapping yard.

K-455

K-455 was laid down in Severodvinsk on October 16, 1974 and launched on August 16, 1976. It was initially assigned to the Northern Fleet, but was transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1979. The boat covered 78 days of uninterrupted diving during one mission. In August 2000, K-455 was decommissioned and scheduled for scrapping in 2002.

K-490

The boat was laid down on March 6, 1975 in Severodvinsk and launched on January 27, 1977. In 1979 she moved through Drake Street to the base of the Pacific Fleet in Vilyuchinsk. In August 2003 the boat was decommissioned and in 2008 it was scrapped at the “Stern” scrapping yard.

K-487

K-487 was laid down in Severodvinsk on June 9, 1975 and launched on April 4, 1977. As part of the Northern Fleet, it conducted a patrol under the polar ice in 1981, during which an incident occurred on January 18, 1981. A fire broke out in Division III and rapidly collecting smoke made it impossible to identify the source of the fire. The commander ordered the automatic extinguishing system to start when the smoke threatened to penetrate the two neighboring departments. Still days away from the border of the pack ice cover, the officers decided to let K-487 break through the ice cover in order to ventilate the pressure hull with fresh air. Five sailors in the third division had passed out. The boat carried out several uneventful patrols and missile and torpedo launches over the next few years. In 1995 there was a leak in the cooling circuit of the reactor on port side, which lost almost 30 liters of water per day. The leak was sealed before any damage to the reactor occurred. The boat was decommissioned in 1998 and towed to the scrapping yard in 1999.

K-496

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on September 23, 1975 and launched on August 13, 1977. In the years after its commissioning, the steam generators of the drive system suffered several defects, so that in 1983 they finally had to be replaced with more modern generators. The boat did its service in the Northern Fleet and was stationed at the Gadschijewo naval base . On January 11, 1999, it was named Borisoglebsk . On January 21, 2005, as part of the Demonstrator project, K-496 launched a converted rocket with the Cosmos-1 satellite, but the rocket engine failed a minute and a half after launch and the R-29R crashed into the sea. On October 7, 2005, it carried out a successful rocket launch as part of the Demonstrator D2-R project. Planned repairs could not be carried out due to a lack of funding and the boat was decommissioned in 2008. With the support of Canada and the USA , the reactors were removed from K-496 in 2010 and the boat was scrapped at the “Stern” shipyard.

K-506

K-506 was laid down in Severodvinsk on December 29, 1975 and launched on January 26, 1978. It initially belonged to the Northern Fleet, but was transferred to the Pacific Fleet in 1981. In 2003 it was named Zelenograd . The boat carried out several patrols and successfully launched an ICBM as part of exercises in 2003 and 2008. In 2010 it was decommissioned.

K-211

K-211 and K-506

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on August 19, 1976 and launched on January 13, 1979. It was assigned to the Northern Fleet and on May 23, 1981 involved in a collision with an American fighter submarine that had followed K-211 in sonar shadow and whose crew had probably misinterpreted a change of course of the Soviet boat. K-211 was damaged on the starboard propeller, a down rudder and some diving cells when the American boat first rammed her and then scraped past her hull. K-211 managed to return to the base under its own power. An American Sturgeon-class boat was spotted by the Soviets a few days later as it approached the Royal Navy's Holy Loch naval base, damaged . K-211 conducted several patrols and missile launches and was named Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in 1998 . The boat was decommissioned in 2010.

K-223

K-223 was laid down in Severodvinsk on February 19, 1977 and launched on April 30, 1979. It was moved to the Vilyuchinsk base of the Pacific Fleet in 1980. It conducted patrols and a missile launch and was named Podolsk in July 1998 . In 2003 it carried out further rocket launches in the course of exercises. On November 14, 2004, a seaman was killed when a partially corroded valve that regulates the compressed air supply to one of the fresh water tanks was blown off. A fragment of the explosion fatally wounded the 19-year-old sailor in the head. The officer responsible for the section was charged with negligence by a military court. The boat was decommissioned in 2018.

K-180

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on December 27, 1977 and launched on January 8, 1980. The boat was initially assigned to the Northern Fleet, but was transferred to the base in Vilyuchinsk in 1982. It carried out several missions and a rocket launch during its service and was decommissioned around 2003.

K-433

K-433 was laid down in Severodvinsk on August 24, 1978 and launched on June 20, 1980. It was assigned to the Pacific Fleet in 1983 and was named Swjatoj Georgi Pobedonosez (German: "The Victorious St. George") in 1993 . The Russian Orthodox Church officially took over the patronage of the boat in 2005 when Metropolitan Kyrill and a representative of the Navy signed a corresponding contract . In October 2010, K-433 carried out an R-29R missile launch from the Sea of ​​Okhotsk . The boat was decommissioned in 2018.

K-129

The boat was laid down on April 9, 1979 in Severodvinsk and launched on April 15, 1981. It was assigned to the Northern Fleet and carried out some sorties in the polar region. Between 1994 and 2002 it was converted to project 09786 and given the number KS-129 . In 2004 it was christened Orenburg and in 2008 it was still in service with the Northern Fleet.

There are estimates according to which the boat was converted as a carrier unit or “mother ship” for the secret project 10831 built in 2008 .

K-44

K-44 was laid down in Severodvinsk on January 31, 1980 and launched on January 19, 1982. It belonged to the Northern Fleet and carried out several missions. In 1984 its towing sonar antenna was damaged by the boat's propeller due to a design flaw. On June 7, 1995, the boat served as the basis for an attempt by DARA , in which a civilian version of the R-29R missile called "Welle" reached an altitude of 1,270 kilometers before a payload container parachuted to the ground. In December 1995, the mechanism for moving the antennas on the boat's tower was damaged when they were not properly secured when the ice cover broke through. On January 10, 1998, the boat was given the honorary name Ryazan and on July 12, 2002, another rocket was launched as part of a research project, which, however, did not reach its destination. In 2008 an R-29R was launched as part of a military exercise.

Evidence and references

Remarks

  1. 16,000 tons submerged according to SA Spirichin: surface ships, vehicles and submarines built at shipyard No. 402. p. 147.

Individual evidence

  1. J. Apalkow: Ships of the USSR - Strategic missile submarines and multipurpose submarines. P. 26.
  2. CEG Newsletter # 5 on Members' activities in 2009, p. 5 (PDF; 67 kB)
  3. History of Zvezdochka State Machine-Building Enterprise on nti.org , spotted 8 August 2011
  4. NW Usenko, PG Kotow, WG Redanski, WK Kulitschkow: When the nuclear submarine fleet of the Soviet Union came into being. P. 311.
  5. Specifics of the Multi-Purpose Nuclear Submarine Dismantlingat FGUP MP Zvezdochka and Needs for Upgrades. P. 11 (PDF; 229 kB)
  6. NW Usenko, PG Kotow, WG Redanski, WK Kulitschkow: When the nuclear submarine fleet of the Soviet Union came into being. P. 269.
  7. star.ru website shipyard, spotted 13 August 2011
  8. ^ Project 667BDR submarine decommissioned
  9. NW Usenko, PG Kotow, WG Redanski, WK Kulitschkow: When the nuclear submarine fleet of the Soviet Union came into being. P. 362.
  10. a b c Russianforces.org: Current status: Strategic fleet
  11. Press release from July 22, 2005 on kommersant.ru, viewed on August 2, 2011
  12. a b Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Hans M. Kristensen & Matt Korda: Russian nuclear forces, 2019
  13. Article by Maria Iwanowa from October 29, 2010, russianskz.info, viewed on August 3, 2011 ( Memento from October 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  14. "пр.10830 / пр.10831 / пр.210 - LOSHARIK" militaryrussia.ru
  15. Franz Frisch: Rockets for flight flocks. Die Zeit, issue 37 1996, viewed on August 3, 2011

literature

  • Ю.В. Апальков: Корабли ВМФ СССР Том I - Подводные лодки. Часть 1 - Ракетные подводные крейсера стратегического назначения и многоцелевые подводные лодки. (For example: J. Apalkow: Ships of the USSR - Strategic Missile Submarines and Multipurpose Submarines. ) Saint Petersburg 2002, ISBN 5-8172-0069-4 (Russian).
  • С.А. Спирихин: Надводные корабли, суда и подводные лодки постройки завода №402. (For example: SA Spirichin: Surface ships, vehicles and submarines built at shipyard No. 402. ) Arkhangelsk 2004, ISBN 5-85879-155-7 (Russian).

Web links

Commons : Delta III class  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files