Project 671RTM

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Project 671RTM
Victor III class submarine.jpg
Ship data
country Soviet UnionSoviet Union (naval war flag) Soviet Union / Russia
RussiaRussia (naval war flag) 
Shipyard Shipyard 199 Komsomolsk on the Amur
Admiralty shipyard 196 Leningrad
Construction period 1976 to 1988
Decommissioning from 1997
Units built 27
Ship dimensions and crew
length
106.1 m ( Lüa )
width 10.8 m
Draft Max. 7.8 m
displacement surfaced: 6,990 t
submerged: 7,250 t
 
crew 96-102 men
Machine system
machine 2 × OK-300 - pressurized water reactor each 72  MW th

2 × electric maneuvering drives with 275 HP each 

propeller 1 × five-leaf (tandem) (main drive)

2 × double-leaf (maneuvering drive)

Mission data submarine
Immersion depth, max. 400 to 600 m
Top
speed
submerged 		31.0 kn
Top
speed
surfaced 		11.5 kn
Armament

Ammunition:

Sensors
  • MGK-500 "Rubin" (active / passive sonar )
  • MRK-50- "Topol" - radar (surface)
  • MG-29 "Chost" (hydrophone)
  • MG-14 (passive sonar)
  • MG-24 "Luch" (mine warning device)
  • "Nichrome" -M IFF ( friend-foe detection )
  • "Bulawa" ( ESM / ECM )
  • “Pithon” towing sonar

Project 671RTМ "Shchuka" ( Russian 671РТМ (К) "Щука" , German: " Hecht ") is a class of nuclear-powered hunting submarines ( SSN ) of the Soviet Union , which was designated by NATO as the Victor III class and which was put into operation from 1977. The last five submarines of the class received a different armament and corresponding control systems for cruise missiles of the type S-10 "Granat" and the additional identifier "K", so they were called "671 RTM (K)".

Development and construction

The entire hull has been optimized for noise insulation compared to its predecessor classes. The oars for the depth control became thinner and therefore had to be made of high-strength titanium . This made it possible to significantly reduce the "hump" in front of the turret, in which the forward elevator was previously located. Two screws running in opposite directions were mounted on the drive shaft, of which the rear one reduced the cavitation of the front one in order to make the main drive quieter than in the previous classes. Another striking feature was the very high tail fin with the large teardrop-shaped cylinder.

The armament and the associated control systems were modernized so that in addition to conventional torpedoes, RPK-2 “Wijuga” and RPK-6M “Wodopad” rockets could also be launched from the torpedo tubes. The five submarines of the Victor III class from the Leningrad shipyard, which were the last to be put into service between 1987 and 1992, received cruise missiles of the type S-10 "Granat" and are designated as Project 671RTM (K). In the run-up to this project, the K-254 was subsequently given a striking structure about one meter high, which extended a few meters above the foredeck in front of the tower in order to test the systems for the S-10.

In 1991 the fleet decided to reclassify the boats of the Victor III class and the submarines of the predecessor classes Victor I and Victor II still in service . The name identifiers with "K" identifiers became those that began with a "B". The measure was very unpopular and it was assumed that it was only carried out in order to provide those responsible for the “new” class with higher salaries.

Decommissioning

The older 671RTM boats have now all been decommissioned. Since then they have been scrapped , partly financed by the G8 countries. The boats are divided into three sections. While bow and stern sections can be scrapped, the reactor section must be safely stored for years before dismantling can begin. In 2005, two shipyard workers were killed while dismantling a Victor III boat near Severodvinsk when fuel gases exploded while welding . The decommissioned Victor III boats of the Pacific Fleet are scrapped in Bolshoi Kamen .

units

Project 671RTM and 671RTM (K) (NATO: Victor III)
tact. number Shipyard Project Keel laying In service since decommissioned Remarks*
K-524 Leningrad No 12 671RTM June 7th 1976 December 28, 1977 2002 carried the suffix "60 years of leadership of the WLKSM "
K-502 July 23, 1979 December 31, 1980 2000 renamed Volgograd
K-254 September 24, 1977 September 18, 1981 1998 -
K-527 September 28, 1978 December 30, 1981 approx. 2000 -
K-298 February 25, 1981 December 27, 1982 -
K-358 July 23, 1982 December 29, 1983 -
K-299 July 1, 1983 22nd December 1984 -
K-244 December 25, 1984 December 25, 1985 -
K-292 671RTM (K) April 15, 1986 November 27, 1987 - renamed Perm
K-388 May 8, 1987 November 30, 1988 - renamed Snezhnogorsk and Sosnovy Bor
K-138 December 7, 1988 May 10, 1990 - renamed Obninsk
K-414 December 1, 1988 December 30, 1990 - renamed Daniil Moskovsky
K-448 January 31, 1991 September 24, 1992 - renamed Tambov
K-247 Komsomolsk-on-Amur 671RTM July 15, 1976 December 30, 1978 1997 -
K-507 September 22, 1977 November 30, 1979 approx. 2000 -
K-492 February 23, 1978 December 30, 1979 -
K-412 October 29, 1978 December 30, 1979 -
K-251 June 26, 1979 August 30, 1980 -
K-255 November 7, 1979 December 26, 1980 -
K-324 February 29, 1980 December 30, 1980 -
K-305 June 7, 1980 September 30, 1981 1998 -
K-355 December 31, 1980 December 29, 1981 -
K-360 May 8, 1981 November 7, 1982 -
K-218 3rd June 1981 December 28, 1982 approx. 2000 -
K-242 June 12, 1982 October 26, 1983 1998 -
K-264 April 3, 1983 October 26, 1984 approx. 2000 -
K-315 January 1, 1983 - 1983 scrapped before completion
  • Since 1992 all boats have had a “B” identifier instead of the “K”

Calls

1983: K-324, salvage ship Aldan , USS Peterson

The Victor III class boats were used in the North, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Caribbean, Pacific, and Indian Oceans to scout out western naval activities.

Several Victor III class boats participated in two major Northern Fleet operations. The operations carried the code names "Апорт" ("Aport", 1985) and "Атрина" ("Atrina", 1987).

  • From May to July 1985, several boats and anti-submarine units set out for anti-submarine operation "Aport" to gather information about NATO SSBNs . Including K-502 , which was used at the Newfoundland Bank.
  • In March 1987 the Victor III boats K-298 , K-299 , K -324 , K -502 and possibly also K-524 ran out of the Atlantic from “Atrina” . Their job was to gather information on the routes of American SSBNs and NATO's anti- submarine tactics . The departure of five hunting submarines did not go unnoticed, but it was only when the boats did not head for one of the usual patrol sectors, but rather disappeared on an unknown course, that NATO began a comprehensive search operation. The submarine operation was supported by Soviet maritime reconnaissance planes from Cuba and the Kola Peninsula . When “Atrina” ended after three months, the boats had crossed the Atlantic to the Bermuda Triangle and broke through the SOSUS lines largely unnoticed . They were only discovered in the target area, but incorrectly recognized as SSBNs. All commanders of the boats were awarded the Order of the Red Banner .
  • On October 31, 1983, K-324 was in the Caribbean , shadowing the frigate USS McCloy to gather information on the American SQR-15 tow sonar . According to American sources, the McCloy was on the way to gather information about K-324 . The cable of the frigate's tow sonar got caught in the screw of the submarine, which triggered a malfunction in the cooling system and made the K-324 unable to maneuver. The crew managed to bring the boat to the surface. However, it was not hidden from American reconnaissance aircraft and was sighted by a P-3 on November 1, 282 nautical miles west of Bermuda . Before it could be raised, a Soviet tug managed to take over the boat and tow it to Cienfuegos in Cuba on November 5th .
  • On Daniil Moskovsky (K-414), a fire broke out in the electrical system in the Barents Sea in September 2006, killing two crew members. The boat was unable to maneuver and had to be towed in.

Noise development

One of the decisive properties for a military submarine is its noise generation. Any irregularities in the outer shell can cause water turbulence, any source of noise inside the boat, caused by machinery or work noise, can be transmitted through the hull as vibration into the water, so that the boat can still be heard from a great distance away. How far these noises can be heard also depends on factors such as the salinity of the water, depth of the submarine and water temperature. Some information is available on the noise development of the Victor III class, but this cannot be independently confirmed.

  • According to American information, in 1983 the USS McCloy succeeded in clearly locating K-324 both with its towed sonar and with its AN / SQS-26 passive sonar.
  • For its part, K-324 is said to have chased an American fighter submarine for 28 hours before breaking contact.
  • During Operation “Atrina” the US Navy failed to detect five Victor III submarines breaking through the SOSUS lines .

fiction

Victor III class boats appear in Tom Clancy's novel Im Sturm (1986). A submarine, the exterior of which is apparently based on the K-254 , can be seen in the film James Bond 007 - The World Is Not Enough (1999).

literature

  • Павлов А.С .: Подводные лодки проекта 671. Submarines Victor-Class. 1997.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d atrinaflot.narod.ru ( Memento of July 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 15, 2008
  2. ↑ a b c submarine.id.ru ПЛАТ - Проект 971 "Щука-Б" ( Memento from January 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ G8 annual report 2005
  4. ↑ ria.ru, Japan to finance dismantling of three Russian nuclear submarines. , accessed on November 18, 2008
  5. ↑ Fire kills two at nuclear submarine recycling site. bellona.org ( Memento from June 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 18, 2008 (English)
  6. ↑ Уникальная операция: как перевозят атомные подводные лодки , RIAN.ru, Transport of Victor III boats to BK, accessed on November 14, 2009 (Russian)
  7. ↑ Атомная подводная лодка (Проект 671РТМ) "Щука" ( Memento from November 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ↑ Operation Atrina: history lessons , VN Chernavin , accessed November 15, 2008 (English)
  9. ↑ a b Polmar / Moore: Cold War Submarines. Brassey's, 2004, ISBN 1-57488-594-4 , pp. 171-172.
  10. ↑ http://www.atrinaflot.narod.ru/81_publications/atrina.htm ( Memento from March 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Operation Atrina , accessed on November 15, 2008 (Russian)