Dad class

K-162 / K-222

K-162

Ship data flag  Soviet Union Ship type SSGN Shipyard Shipyard 402 , Severodvinsk Keel laying December 28, 1963 Launch December 21, 1968 Commissioning December 31, 1969 Whereabouts scrapped

Ship dimensions and crew length 106.9 m ( Lüa ) width 11.5 m Draft Max. 8.2 m displacement surfaced: 5,197 t submerged: 7,000   crew 82 men

Machine system machine 2 × pressurized water reactor WM-5M Machine performance 177.4 MW th propeller 2

Mission data submarine Immersion depth, max. 400 m Top speed submerged 44.7 kn (83 km / h) Top speed surfaced 16 kn (30 km / h)

Armament 4 torpedo tubes Ø 533 mm 10 launch tubes P-70 "Ametist"

As Papa class the designated NATO a Soviet SSGN type (SS = Submarine ( submarine ); G = Guided Missile ( missile ); N = nuclear powered ( nuclear-powered )), which in the Soviet Navy as Project 661 or Anchar- Class was conducted.

construction

The submarine of the project 661 (Russian name: Anchar; NATO code : "Papa") represented a direct predecessor of the later and better known Oscar class in terms of concept and design . The aim of project 661 was to build one very fast submarines for combating surface targets with missiles.

To ensure a high diving depth, the pressure hull of the boat was made of titanium , which had the advantage of being lighter than steel . Two nuclear reactors were also installed. The development of the project took a long time, however, as the processing of titanium on a large scale was very complex and the 661 project was the first large submarine worldwide with a titanium hull. The required anti-ship combat capability was guaranteed by installing ten P-70 “Ametist” anti-ship guided missiles in separate launch containers in front of the boat's tower . The launch containers were located between the pressure hull and the outer hull of the boat.

history

Development began in early 1959 in the OKB-16 , taking into account the experience with the November class, which was recently put into service . On December 28, 1963, the K-162 was laid down as the first and only boat of the class in the Sevmasch shipyard in Severodvinsk . The construction dragged on for a full five years and only on December 21, 1968 could K-162 be launched. A year later, on December 31, 1969, the K-162 was put into service. No other boats of this class were built.

The Papa class boat had the properties necessary to fulfill its conception. The K-162 was the fastest submarine in the world until the Alfa class was commissioned and reached a top speed of 44.7 kn (82.8 km / h) during sea trials on underwater travel. However, the devices mounted on the tower (antennas, periscopes) suffered considerable damage from the high underwater speed, as they could not be fully pulled into the tower. This severely restricted the actual operating speed of the boat. Other disadvantages were the extremely high construction costs and the absolutely unacceptable volume for a submarine.

After around 10 years of use, the boat was launched in 1980 for repairs in the Sewmasch shipyard. In September 1980 there was a reactor accident while loading new nuclear fuel . The boat was then towed with the irreparable nuclear reactor to the Belomorsk naval base in Severodvinsk and moored there. In 1988 the damaged nuclear reactor was removed from the boat. The scrapping of the K-222 began in the Sewmasch shipyard in 2010.

meaning

The experience gained in the construction of Project 661 in the use of titanium as a hull material paved the way for the introduction of the Alfa class (Project 705 Lira ), the appearance of which came as a surprise to the United States Navy . The Alfa boats reached speeds of approximately 42 knots under water, operated at a depth of 609.6 m to 762 m and thus surpassed all previous Soviet and American submarine types. Nevertheless, the Alfa class was also considered a failure. The Mike class (Project 685 Plawnik ) was another class of submarines with the hull material titanium, but their only boat, the K-278 Komsomolez , sank in 1989. According to these partially unsuccessful designs, the Soviet Union concentrated on building traditional submarines with pressure hulls made of steel. The last more successful submarine class with a titanium hull was the Sierra class (Project 945).

Built unit

• K-162
  • Keel laid: December 28, 1963
  • Completion: December 21, 1968
  • Commissioned: December 31, 1969
  • Whereabouts:
    • later renamed to K-222
    • Reactor accident on September 30, 1980
    • 1988 in reserve (Severodvinsk)
    • Retired in 1989
    • March 2010 Start of dismantling at Svjosdotschka (Severodvinsk)
    • April 2015 end of demolition work

Individual evidence

1. ^ Peter Lobner: Marine Nuclear Power 1939-2018. Lyncean Group, 2018. p. 305.
2. ↑ На северодвинской "Звездочке" утилизируется уникальная титановая АПЛ, accessed on March 5, 2010
3. ↑ В Северодвинске утилизировали самую скоростную в истории подводного флота АПЛ, accessed April 12, 2015

literature

• С.А. Спирихин: Надводные корабли, суда и подводные лодки постройки завода №402. (For example: SA Spirichin: Surface ships, vehicles and submarines built at shipyard No. 402. ) Arkhangelsk 2004, ISBN 5-85879-155-7 (Russian).

Web links

Commons : Papa class submarines  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Project 661 at the Federation Of American Scientists