Project 945

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Project 945
Sierra I class SSN.svg
Ship data
country Soviet UnionSoviet Union (naval war flag) Soviet Union / Russia
RussiaRussia (naval war flag) 
Shipyard Shipyard 112 Gorki
Construction period 1979 to 1986
Units built 2
Ship dimensions and crew
length
107 m ( Lüa )
width 12.2 m
Draft Max. 8.8 m
displacement surfaced: 6,300 t
submerged: 8,200 t
 
crew 59 men
Machine system
machine 1 × OK-650A pressurized water reactor 190  MW th
propeller 1 × seven-leaf (main drive)
Mission data submarine
Diving depth, normal 480 m
Immersion depth, max. 550 m
Top
speed
submerged 		35.0 kn (65 km / h)
Top
speed
surfaced 		12 kn (22 km / h)
Armament
  • 4 × torpedo tubes ∅ 533 mm (Project 945)
  • 2 × torpedo tubes ∅ 650 mm (Project 945)
  • 2 tubes for decoy ejection

Ammunition:

  • 8 × 650 mm torpedoes and
  • 32 × 533 mm torpedoes or
  • 42 mines

The nuclear powered submarines ( SSN ) of Project 945 ( NATO code name Sierra ) were developed by the Soviet Navy since 1974 .

Project 945 barracuda

Project 945, close-up of the fuselage bow from November 1, 1984

In 1976, demands were made by the Soviet Admiralty to develop a submarine that would match the American SSN-688 class . Criteria were the greatest possible diving depths, heavy armament, the use of cruise missiles and low-noise propulsion.

The three competing design offices Lasurit , Malachit and Rubin then started with their own developments: While Lasurit and Rubin preferred a titanium hull , Malachit preferred a cheaper steel hull . Boat hulls made of titanium are very complex to manufacture and their maintenance is expensive. Lasurit finally presented the project 945 (NATO: Sierra I) and in 1978 was awarded the contract to lay two keel units and in 1980 Rubin received the order for a boat. Around the same time, the construction of the only unit of Project 685 (NATO: "Mike") had started, the hapless K-278 Komsomolez . The project was given the NATO code name "Sierra I".

units

B-239

On July 25, 1977, the B-239 first unit of Project 945 as BAPL ( Bolschaja Atomnaja Podwodnaja Lodka - Large Nuclear Submarine) was added to the naval list of the naval war fleet and command was transferred to EW Gurbew. On July 20, 1979, shipbuilders welded the first sections for laying the keel of the B-239 in the construction halls of Krasnoye Sormowo in Gorki . The assembly of the first fuselage took almost four years due to the enormous costs until the launch was completed on July 29, 1982 when it was rolled out of the building hall. For final equipment and testing, the B-239 was taken on barges up the Volga to Severodvinsk , where it finally underwent sea testing in the White Sea .

On June 29, 1984, the B-239 was finally put into service with the Naval Navy and handed over to the Northern Fleet . In 1992 the boat was reclassified as K-239 and was finally named "Karp" ( carp ) on April 6, 1993 . From July to December 1994, weapons systems and sensors were modernized in the Svyosdotschka shipyard in Severodvinsk. On May 30, 1998, K-239 Karp was launched as part of the first major overhaul in Severodvinsk. In the wake of the increasing lack of money in the Russian armed forces and the enormous costs, the boat was preserved and launched. By 2017, K-239 is to be modernized and put back into active service.

B-276

The second unit of Project 945, B-276 (or K-276), was added to the fleet list on February 9, 1982 and laid down on April 21, 1984 near Krasnoye Sormowo . SW Kulakov was in command. On July 26, 1986, the launch was completed and on December 30, 1987 B-276 was put into service with the Northern Fleet. She was stationed in Ura Bay together with her sister ship .

On February 11, 1992, B-276 collided with the American submarine USS Baton Rouge in the Barents Sea . The collision severely deformed the tower and the submarine had to return to the base. From March 28th to June 29th the repairs took place in the Nerpa shipyard . On April 6, 1993 the ship was named "Krab". On November 15, 1996 the boat was renamed "Kostroma". In 2000, the ship was launched for main repairs in the Nerpa shipyard . After extensive modernization, the B-276 Kostroma was reintegrated into the active fleet in 2005.

Project 945A Condor

Project 945A
Sierra II class SSN.svg
Ship data
Shipyard Shipyard 112 Gorki
Construction period 1986 to 1992
Units built 2
Ship dimensions and crew
length
110.5 m ( Lüa )
width 12.2 m
Draft Max. 9.4 m
displacement surfaced: 6,470 t
submerged: 8,500 t
 
crew 61 men
Machine system
machine 1 × OK-650B pressurized water reactor 190  MW
propeller 1 × seven-leaf (main drive)
Mission data submarine
Diving depth, normal 520 m
Immersion depth, max. 600 m
Top
speed
submerged 		35.0 kn (65 km / h)
Top
speed
surfaced 		12 kn (22 km / h)
Armament

Ammunition:

A Project 945A boat on the surface, 1994

Lasurit started making modifications to the class right after the first tests. The result was Project 945A (NATO: "Sierra II"). Although the naval war fleet had decided on project 971 (NATO: "Akula") after comparative tests and not least because of more favorable manufacturing conditions and the project 685 was withdrawn from the program as a test vehicle because of costs that were impossible to bear, Lasurit was again awarded two units , since there was basically still no agreement on which class to choose, although the 971 project had meanwhile reached series production. Lasurit's advantage was that it was two years ahead of Malachit's Project 971.

The modifications envisaged a longer turret and the inclusion of cruise missiles S-10 Granat (NATO: SS-N-21 "Sampson"). The hull was lengthened by about three meters.

units

B-534

The first boat of the new project 945A was added to the fleet list as B-534 on March 3, 1983 and laid down on February 15, 1986 at Krasnoye Sormowo . The launch took place on July 8, 1989 and on December 26, 1990 the boat was handed over to the Northern Fleet. Like its predecessor ships , the B-534 was given a name on April 6, 1993 and was christened Subatka . On March 25, the boat was renamed Nizhny Novgorod because the city ​​of the same name took over the sponsorship for the boat. A major overhaul began in 2002 and the boat has been in service since 2008.

B-336

The second unit of Project 945A was laid down on July 29, 1989 near Krasnoye Sormowo , but was not added to the fleet list until June 3, 1992. The launch was completed on June 28, 1992 and on January 21, B-336 was put into service with the Northern Fleet. On April 6, 1993, the boat was named Okun , but was renamed Pskow ( Pleskau ) on April 3, 1996 . In 2000, the B-336 Pskow completed a successful long-term voyage in the North Atlantic and underwent major repairs between 2003 and 2007. After another repair between 2012 and 2016, the boat is still in service.

Project 945AB

Project 945A had performed well on combat patrols and the boats had never been tracked. Lazurit put on another modification, the 945AB project, which was eventually to go into series production. The keel for the first boat, K-123, was laid near Krasnoye Sormowo in March 1990 . Shortly afterwards, the funds for the project were canceled because the 971U project had since gone into series production. What happened to the K-123 is unclear, but it is entirely possible that the fuselage is still in the building hall.

Technical specifications

Appendix and sources

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. P. 30.
  2. ↑ deepstorm.ru B-239 mission history, viewed on July 17, 2011
  3. ↑ Russia wants to revive Titan submarines. RIANOVOSTI, March 5, 2013, accessed November 3, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Russia to Resurrect Titanium Submarines. RIANOVOSTI, March 5, 2013, accessed November 3, 2013 .
  5. ↑ J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. P. 32.
  6. ↑ J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. P. 34.

literature

  • J. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания. (for example: "Ships of the USSR - multipurpose submarines and special submarines") Saint Petersburg 2003, ISBN 5-8172-0069-4 (Russian).

Web links

Commons : Project 945  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files