Project 658

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Project 658
Submarine Hotel II class.jpg
Ship data
country Soviet UnionSoviet Union (naval war flag) Soviet Union
Shipyard Shipyard 402 in Severodvinsk
Construction period 1958 to 1962
Decommissioning 1987 to 1996
Units built 8th
Ship dimensions and crew
length
114.1 m ( Lüa )
width 9.2 m
Draft Max. 7.3 m
displacement surfaced: 4030 t
submerged: 5300 t
 
crew 104 men
Machine system
machine 2 × WM-A - nuclear reactors 2 × 70  MW
propeller 2
Mission data submarine
Diving depth, normal 240 m
Immersion depth, max. 300 m
Top
speed
submerged 		26 kn (48 km / h)
Top
speed
surfaced 		18 kn (33 km / h)
Armament
  • 3 × R-13 starter tanks
  • 4 × torpedo tube ⌀ 533 mm
  • 4 × torpedo tube ⌀ 400 mm

Ammunition:

Project 658 was in a class of nuclear submarines of the Soviet Union . The NATO called Project 658 as hotel class . Eight boats of the type were built between 1958 and 1962. In accordance with their role as a submarine with ballistic missiles , the boats of Project 658 were adapted to the use of modern missile types during their service life and were then named Project 658M (Hotel II class).

Planning and technology

In 1954, Soviet naval planners began to think about ways to convert one of the existing submarines so that it could carry the short-range nuclear missiles of the time close enough to the coast of the United States to hit important targets within the United States. An attack on targets that were far inland was not possible with the existing systems, as they had a range of less than 300 km. The corresponding proposal was submitted in August 1955 and the development of the rocket and the corresponding submarine began a short time later, following a government decision.

Project 658 was the first Soviet nuclear powered submarine to carry ballistic missiles . The development was based on the nuclear powered Project 627 class . For the use of nuclear missiles, a solution was chosen that had already been used on Project 629 . Project 658 thus combined the mileage (speed when underwater, diving duration) from Project 627 with the nuclear threat potential from Project 629.

The construction of eight boats began in 1958 at shipyard number 402 in Severodvinsk . More boats were planned, but the program was canceled when the doctrine of the nuclear first strike from sea was replaced by a corresponding land doctrine.

Propulsion and hull

The drive system consisted of two WM-A pressurized water reactors with 70  MW each and two downstream steam turbines with 17,500 HP each, which drove two shafts , and corresponded to the system used in Project 627. The hull of Project 627 was too low to the planned ballistic missile of the type R-13 to accommodate there with her twelve feet in length. So the command tower of the boats was lengthened and three vertical launch tubes were placed one behind the other. Additional horizontal stabilizing fins were attached to the fuselage and the noise insulation and ventilation system were improved.

Armament

The armament has been significantly reduced compared to Project 627 to four 533 mm and two 400 mm torpedo tubes at the bow and two 400 mm tubes at the stern. No reserve torpedoes were carried for the 533 mm tubes, so that only four of these weapons were on board. A total of ten torpedoes were carried for the 400 mm tubes.

The three R-13 missiles could only be launched on the surface of the water, so the boats had to emerge to attack.

Sensors

The boats each carried a periscope for air space observation and one for attacking surface targets. Each boat had a cylindrical bow sonar (Skat-3 system) and a high-frequency sonar for surfacing under ice.

Project 658M (Hotel-II)

In 1962, after developing new R-21 missiles, the Soviet Navy began converting seven Project 958 boats for this weapon. The range of the new rocket was around 1400 km, about twice as high as that of the previous R-13 model. In addition, the boats no longer had to surface to launch the rockets, but could fire them from a shallow depth. The renovation work was completed by 1963.

Project 701 (Hotel-III)

K-145 , one of the Project 658 boats, was converted between December 1971 and November 1972 to a test carrier for six R-29 - intercontinental ballistic missiles to act.

During the work, K-145 was extended to 129.8 meters. The water displacement increased to 4,981 tons at the surface. Due to the maintenance of the propulsion system with increased displacement, the speed decreased to 23.3 knots. 123 seamen made up the crew.

Boats of classes 658 / 658M / 701

Drawing of the side view of Project 658 / Hotel Class
Drawing of the side view of Project 658M / Hotel II class . The tower was extended towards the bow.
Drawing of the side view of K-145, Project 701 / Hotel III class . The length of the boat increased to 130 meters, and the tower was extended to the stern to accommodate six ICBMs. A counterweight under the keel compensates for the higher center of gravity.

K-19

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on October 17, 1958 and launched a year later. After completing the final equipment and various test drives, she was put into service with the Northern Fleet on November 12, 1960 . Due to several serious accidents in which the boat was involved in July 1961, November 1969 and February 1972, it gained a certain notoriety that eventually resulted in its story being filmed. K-19 was converted from Project 658 to Project 658M in 1962. Another conversion to a test carrier for communication devices took place in 1976. The boat was assigned to the reserve fleet in 1990 and finally removed from the fleet list in 1996 and scheduled for scrapping.

K-33

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on February 9, 1959 and launched in August 1960. After completing the final equipment and various test drives, it was put into service on December 24, 1960. The boat covered over 11,000 nautical miles in the first year. In 1962 it was converted to the 658M project. On July 25, 1976, it was renamed K-54 and in 1987 it was finally removed from the Navy's list of fleets and intended for scrapping. Its scrapping began in 2003.

K-55

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on August 5, 1959 and launched on September 18, 1960. After completion of the final equipment and various test drives, K-55 was put into service on December 27, 1960. The boat covered several thousand nautical miles in various exercises and in June 1961 carried out an uninterrupted underwater journey for 20 days. In December 1966, the boat was upgraded to the 658M project and moved to a Pacific Fleet base in 1968 . In 1986 the boat was released from all operations due to reactor damage and in 1989 it was removed from the fleet lists.

K-40

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on December 6, 1959 and launched on June 18, 1961. After completion of the final equipment and various test drives, K-40 was put into service on December 27, 1961. In 1962 she was equipped with ready-to-use nuclear warheads during the Cuban Missile Crisis and waited submerged in Kola Bay for the command to use weapons. In 1967 it was upgraded to the 658M project. In October 1986 she was struck from the fleet lists and in 1990 towed to the Nerpa shipyard to be scrapped.

K-16

The boat was laid down on May 5, 1960 in Severodvinsk and launched on July 31, 1961. After completion of the final equipment and various test drives, K-16 was put into service on December 28, 1961. In 1970 it was converted to the 658M project. In 1986 the loading of weapons caused a water ingress and 40 tons of sea water got into the pressure hull. In March 1989 she was removed from the fleet list. After removing the reactor compartment, the boat was scrapped in 1992.

K-145

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on January 21, 1961 and launched on May 30, 1962. After completion of the final equipment and various test drives, K-145 was put into service on October 23, 1962. From 1965 to 1970 she was the only boat to be converted from Project 658 to Project 701. In 1972, after several error-free launches of R-29 missiles, a report came about that there was a malfunction in the drive of a missile intended for launch. After the emergency surfacing of the boat, one of the rocket's propellants exploded, with the upper part of the weapon being thrown overboard from the open missile hatch. The repairs lasted until 1976. K-145 was taken out of service on July 1st, 1996 and probably scrapped in 2002.

K-149

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on April 12, 1961 and launched on July 20, 1962. After completion of the final equipment and various test drives, K-149 was put into service on November 27, 1962. In 1965 it was upgraded to the 658M project. On November 1, 1996, she was removed from the fleet list and scheduled for scrapping.

K-178

The boat was laid down in Severodvinsk on September 11, 1961 and launched on September 23, 1962. After completing the final equipment and various test drives, K-178 entered service on December 8, 1962. In 1963 she was transferred to the Pacific Fleet. During the transfer under the polar ice, the crew managed to break K-178 through the ice sheet twice. In 1967 the boat was upgraded to the 658M project. On January 25, 1988, a fire broke out on board, killing a seaman. In 1997 it was removed from the fleet list and towed to the scrapping yard.

fiction

The story of the 1961 accident on K-19 formed the basis of the 2002 film K-19 - Showdown in the Depth .

Evidence and references

Remarks

  1. ↑ Sixteen 533-mm torpedoes and six 400-mm weapons are listed on submarine.id.ru.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Norman Polmar and Kenneth J. Moore: Cold War submarines: the design and construction of US and Soviet submarines. P. 113.
  2. ↑ Ю.В.Апальков: Подводные лодки советского флота 1945–1991, том I. P. 42 and following.
  3. ↑ K-145 at deepstorm.ru, viewed June 20, 2011

literature

  • Ю.В.Апальков: Подводные лодки советского флота 1945–1991, том I. (for example: J. Apalkow: U-Boats of the Soviet Navy 1945–1991, part 1. ) 2009, ISBN 978-5-903080-55-7 (Russian).
  • Norman Polmar and Kenneth J. Moore: Cold War submarines: the design and construction of US and Soviet submarines, 1945-2001. Potomac Books Inc., 2003, ISBN 978-1574885941 (English).

Web links