Jörg von Sachsenheim

Jörg von Sachsenheim, detail from the relief of the Sachsenheim altar , 1489.

Jörg von Sachsenheim (* 1427 ; † July 25, 1508 ) was a Württemberg lawyer. He was one of the lords of Sachsenheim . His father was the minne poet Hermann von Sachsenheim , his younger brother the Württemberg state court master Hermann von Sachsenheim . Jörg von Sachsenheim became known as a book collector and was the owner of two of the first pre-Lutheran Bibles in German, but not the Sachsenheim prayer book , as was previously assumed.

origin

Jörg (Georg) von Sachsenheim was born in 1427 as the son of the poet Hermann von Sachsenheim and his first wife Agnes Mönch. His father came from an old knight dynasty from Sachsenheim , was one of the councilors of the Württemberg counts' house from 1419 to 1442 and was several times Vogt and feudal judge. In old age he turned to minstrel poetry. See also family .

Life

Jörg von Sachsenheim began studying at the University of Heidelberg at the age of 18 in the winter semester 1445/1446, which he completed on July 30, 1448 as Baccalaureus Artium . He often appeared “as a sealer when drafting documents”, for example when a contract was signed between the two Counts Eberhard on April 22, 1485 in Stuttgart. The contract was supposed to settle the disputes between Count Eberhard the Younger and Eberhard the Elder (Eberhard in the beard) and was signed by 6 winners, including "our dear, loyal Jörg von Sachsenheim" (according to Eberhard the Younger).

Jörg von Sachsenheim was dubbed a Junker because, unlike his father and brother Hermann, he was not a knight. He is said to have been a knight of the Teutonic Order and, like his brother Hermann, was a knight of the Ansbach Order of the Swans and, like 5 other Sachsenheimers, belonged to the knight's association with Sankt Jörgenschild .

House of the poet Hermann von Sachsenhausen (corner house), next to it on the right: House of his sons Jörg and Hermann (oriel house), around 1900.

capital

After the death of their father in 1458 and their mother in 1459, the brothers Jörg and Hermann von Sachsenheim inherited a large number of real estate and land in Sachsenheim and around 80 other places, as well as part of the lay tithe and the Sachsenheim house in Stuttgart (see below). In addition, there were taxes that they received from their estates. The Sachsenheimers were so wealthy that they were able to grant loans to the Württemberg gentlemen more often.

Sachsenheim House

→ Main article : Sachsenheim House

After the death of their parents, the old Sachsenheim house in Stuttgart became the property of their two sons Jörg and Hermann. They added another house to this building in 1478. Both houses existed until World War II when they were destroyed.

Book collection

Jörg von Sachsenheim was "the owner of a library that is now completely scattered". Two precious Bibles have been preserved from this library: a copy of the Mentelin Bible, the first pre-Lutheran Bible in German, and a copy of the Eggestein Bible, the second pre-Lutheran German Bible. For more information, see the Sachsenheim Bibles .

End of life

Jörg von Sachsenheim died on July 25th 1508 at the age of 80 or 81 years. His brother Hermann died 4 months later on November 15th at the age of about 78. Jörg von Sachsenheim was buried in the Hospital Church, the second most important church in Stuttgart, for which he had donated an altar piece in 1489 (see # Sachsenheim Altar ). In his honor, a death shield was hung in the church of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian in Sachsenheim (see #Totenschild ).

family

Jörg von Sachsenheim's mother Anna Mönch was his father's first wife. The daughter of councilor Heinrich Mönch von Rosenberg in Strasbourg was a widow when she married Hermann von Sachsenheim in 1405 at the latest. When she died in 1431, Hermann von Sachsenheim married Anna von Straubenhardt, the sister Hans von Strubenhardt and one of the heiresses of the castle and the property of the noble von Straubenhardt. She died a year after her husband in 1459.

Jörg's younger brother was the Landhofmeister Hermann von Sachsenheim (1428 / 1430–1508). If Hermann was born before 1431, he was a son of Anna Mönch, otherwise of Anna von Straubenhardt. Half-siblings from the minne poet's second marriage were Agnes von Sachsenheim, who died at a young age, and Michael von Sachsenheim, who is attested as a monk in Hirsau Monastery from 1460 to around 1482 . Margarethe von Sachsenheim, another sister or half-sister, was the prioress of a monastery in Lauffen . In 1489 he gave her and her monastery a copy of the Mentelin Bible from 1466, the first pre-Lutheran German-language Bible .

Jörg von Sachsenheim was married to Elisabeth Moll. As the daughter of a councilor from Stuttgart, she was part of the respectability , the aspiring middle class.

Memberships

• German Order .
• Ansbacher Swan Order .
• Knight's association with Sankt Jörgenschild , part of the Neckar.

Sachsenheim altar

Altarpiece by Jörg von Sachsenheim, 1489.

In 1489 Jörg von Sachsenheim donated an altar piece made of white sandstone for the Hospital Church, the second most important church in Stuttgart after the collegiate church. The relief on the front is colored and gilded in places. It consists of three picture fields, which are arranged under the ornamental branches of a Gothic canopy:

• Mary with the child. Our Lady of God sits on a bench and leans against a wide back cushion decorated with four thick corner tassels. Her robe falls to the floor in wide folds, and long golden hair flows down from her head. The naked baby Jesus is sitting on her lap with her legs crossed in a playful way. With one hand she reaches for the golden ball Mary is holding in her hand. Two floating angels hold a golden crown over their heads, which merges into the tendrils of the canopy.

• Kneeling donor. The donor figure depicts Jörg von Sachsenheim as a kneeling knight. He raises his hands folded in prayer in front of his chest and looks at the viewer in the face. The thick hair falls in curls on the shoulders. The full, beardless face is characterized by concise features, especially bushy eyebrows, a fleshy nose and an energetic chin. He wears his armor without a helmet as a sign of awe. He wears the order chain of the Order of the Swans around his neck, his sword with a partly gilded scabbard hangs down from his waist, and his golden spurs stick up on his heels. Next to his head, a chain of thick red pearls hangs from under the canopy, probably also a chain of medals. Between Jörg von Sachsenheim and Maria there is an indistinct shimmering ogive slug-glass window with the buffalo horn coat of arms of the Lords of Sachsenheim and another coat of arms.

• Buffalo horns coat of arms. In front of a dense tracery made of criss-crossing and intertwined profiles, the white buffalo-horns coat of arms of the gentlemen of Sachsenheim, inclined to the left, with outwardly curved horns on grind, rises above a pot helmet , behind whose black lattice visor you can make out two eyes . The helmet is crowned by a crest made of two inwardly curved buffalo horns, as they adorned the coat of arms of the Sachsenheimers until the end of the 14th century.

The inscription on the altar from 1489 with an invocation of Mary was lost. However, the text of the inscription has been handed down. According to this, Jörg von Sachsenheim was 62 years old in 1489, which results in the otherwise unrecorded year of birth 1427. The donor's inscription, which has also been lost, read: “Jerg von Sachsenhain donated this altars to the gracious god.” Two decades after Jörg von Sachsenheim's death in 1508, another inscription, which is now lost, was added: “In 1508, the noble and vestigial Jörg von Sachsenhaim des died old Mr. Hermann Son on St. Jacob's day of the greater ”.

Mortuary tablet of Jörg von Sachsenheim, 1508.

The altar escaped destruction during the Second World War thanks to a strong protective wall. After the war, Gustav Wais saved the altar in 1955, which he was able to put together again, except for the missing four figures, and which he set up in the Stuttgart City Lapidarium . In later years the altar was transferred back to the hospital church .

Concerning the state of preservation: Two smaller figures are missing from the canopy. A larger figure was once attached to both sides of the relief. The colors of the relief are very faded and the mouth and nose parts of the three people depicted are damaged.

Death shield

In the nave of the Protestant parish church of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian in the Sachsenheim district of Großsachsenheim hangs an approximately 130 cm high wooden plaque, the death shield of Jörg von Sachsenheim. The plate shows the buffalo horn coat of arms of the Lords of Sachsenheim, inclined to the left, in red and silver on a black background , above a tournament helmet, crowned by a crest made of two buffalo horns and surrounded by a helmet cover made of large acanthus leaves. A chain with the cross of the Teutonic Order hangs on the neck of the helmet . The black inscription of the death shield is in Gothic minuscule letters on a white background and is similar to one of the inscriptions on the Sachsenheim altar:

“In 1508, the noble and vestigial Jörg von Sachsenhaim of old Herr Hermann Son died on Saint Jacob's day the greater” (date of death 25 July 1508).

literature

• Kurt Bachteler: History of the City of Großsachsenheim. Großsachsenheim: Handels- und Gewerbeverein, 1962, especially pages 69–71.
• Kurt Bachteler: Sachsenheim: Gate to the Stromberg. Sachsenheim: Stadt, 1975, pages 63-80.
• Kurt Bachteler: 500 years of the Großsachsenheim town church. Großsachsenheim: Evangelical Church Community, 1984.
• Pleickhard von Helmstatt: Family trees of southern German noble families , additions from the 17th and 18th centuries. Manuscript, around 1612, page “Sachsenheim B”, online .
• Dietrich Huschenbett:  Hermann von Sachsenheim. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 650 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Dietrich Huschenbett: Hermann von Sachsenheim. In: Kurt Ruh (Hrsg.): The German literature of the Middle Ages - author's lexicon, 3rd [Ger - Hil]. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1981, column 1091-1106.
• Dietrich Huschenbett: Hermann von Sachsenheim - names and terms: Commentary on the list of all names and selected terms in the complete work. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2007, pages 242–243.
• Ernst Martin (Ed.): Hermann von Sachsenheim. Stuttgart: Litterarischer Verein, 1878, online , page 12.
• Christian Friedrich Sattler: History of the Duchy of Würtenberg under the government of the Graven: with 128 documents, volume 3. Tübingen: Reiss, 1768, enclosures number 57, 107.
• Gustav Wais : Old Stuttgart's buildings in the picture: 640 pictures, including 2 colored ones, with explanations of city history, architectural history and art history. Stuttgart 1951, reprinted Frankfurt am Main 1977, pages 175–178.
• Gustav Wais : Old Stuttgart. The oldest buildings, views and city plans up to 1800. With city history, architectural history and art history explanations. Stuttgart 1954, pages 41–45, 49, sketch III on page 35.
• Gustav Wais : The St. Leonhard Church and the Hospital Church in Stuttgart. A representation of the two Gothic churches with explanations of architectural and art history. Stuttgart 1956, page 65, plate 85.
• Eva Wolf: The picture in the late medieval illumination: the Sachsenheim prayer book in Lievin van Lathem's work. Hildesheim: Olms, 1996.

Web links

Commons : Jörg von Sachsenheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

1. ↑ #Martin 1878 .
2. ^ Matrikel Heidelberg, Volume I, page 247.
3. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , page 66.
4. ↑ #Sattler 1768 , appendix number 107.
5. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , page 66, but see: #Diehl 1939 , page 124, note 83.
6. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , page 66.
7. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , pages 38-43, 62, 65-66, #Bachteler 1975 , page 59.
8. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , page 69.
9. ↑ Dr. Hereditary man Nöldeke: Straubenhardt . Ed .: Municipality of Straubenhardt. Jost-Jetter-Verlag, Heimsheim 1995, p. 88 .
10. ↑ Hermann v. Sachsenheim, Ritter, Hans Truchsess v. Stetten, Ritter, Schwarzfritz v. Sachsenheim and her wives Anna, Agnes and Notpurg v. Straubenhardt sell their inheritance from Hans v. Straubenhardt, her brother, to Schwann, Conweiler, Langenalb, Dobel, Dennach, ... - German digital library. Retrieved March 8, 2018 . 
11. ↑ #Martin 1878 , #Wolf 1996 , page 35, #Huschenbett 1981 , column 1091.
12. ↑ #Bachteler 1975 , page 31, 62.
13. ↑ #Martin 1878 , page 12, #Huschenbett 2007 , page 242, #Bachteler 1975 , page 62.
14. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , page 66, but see: #Diehl 1939 , page 124, note 83.
15. ^ On the Sachsenheim altar , Jörg von Sachsenheim wears the order chain of the Swan Order.
16. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , pages 67-68, #Bachteler 1975 , page 61, #Wais 1951 , page 178, #Wais 1954.2 , pages 43-44, #Wais 1956 - detailed photos of the Sachsenheim altar , hospital church interior (4).
17. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , pages 62–63, #Wais 1954.2 , page 44, #Helmstatt 1612 .
18. ↑ #Wais 1954.2 , page 43. - The almost identical inscription appears in #Helmstatt 1612 , but with the year 1486.
19. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , page 68.
20. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , page 66, #Bachteler 1975 , page 61, #Bachteler 1984 , pages 12-13, Evangelical Church Großsachsenheim , inscription catalog of the Ludwigsburg district .