Sackstrasse (Graz)
Sackstraße is the name of the oldest still existing street in Graz , which was laid out at the beginning of the 12th century. This street is in the 1st district ( Inner City ). It leads from the main square in the south between Schloßberg and Mur to the Keplerbrücke in the north.
Today the street is one of the most important shopping streets in Graz. Art in particular has found its place here. There is an interest group called “Kunst Meile Graz”. This name has now become a common synonym for this street.
historical development
Originally the Sackstraße was only called "Sack", as it ended at the northern part of the city wall of Graz at Reinerhof (Sackstraße No. 20). This “first sack” was originally a “dead” alley that only got an exit to the north with the construction of the (first) “sack gate” (between today's houses at Sackstrasse No. 17 and No. 20). The alley was laid out in the first half of the 12th century and is the oldest existing street in the city.
This "first sack" was in the course of the city expansion under Emperor Friedrich III. extended by the "second bag". The city wall was broken through. The first bag gate was built. Petty bourgeois, leather workers and tanners, furriers, shoemakers and millers settled in the “second sack”. The area was not one of the affluent districts and reached as far as the confluence of Sackstrasse with the quay.
In the 17th century the "third sack" was added. This reached as far as the fortifications at today's Kepler Bridge and was made accessible through the third Sack Gate built in 1625. The gate was a twelve meter high tower with a seven meter long passage. The tradespeople and petty bourgeoisie moved into the “third bag”, while many aristocrats settled in the first and built their palaces there. Since the houses of the "third bag" were mainly made of wood, there were major fires in 1607 and 1670, which destroyed most of the houses. The area, although inhabited since the Middle Ages, lay unprotected outside the city wall before the construction of the “third sack”.
The district of the three sacks was the most densely populated area of the city of Graz around 1840. In 1850 the third sack gate was demolished and a relief prison for the then overcrowded cells of the town hall was built in its place. The so-called "criminal" was torn down again in the 1880s. The building was very unpopular with the population because of its appearance. It also represented an obstacle to traffic. The prisoners were transferred to the new prison of the criminal regional court (today: Graz-Jakomini prison ) in Conrad-von-Hötzendorf-Strasse .
In the 19th century, the dense accumulation of many houses was considered unsanitary, narrow and chaotic. Since the water level of the Mur reached up to three meters from the outer row of houses, flooding was often to be expected. The bank was only secured with pilots, board cladding and layers of stone, between the houses narrow paths, so-called "rich", led down to the river. As early as the 16th century there was a cable car up to the Schloßberg at one point.
As early as 1835 the second sack gate had been removed and. All three sacks together have been known as Sackstrasse since 1875 . In the same year the Trinity Column was moved from the entrance of the street to Karmeliterplatz . With each extension, the structure of Sackstrasse also changed , as the tradespeople residing here were pushed further and further to the respective outskirts, while more and more aristocrats settled near the city center. With the Mur regulation carried out around 1900 , the most serious intervention in the structure of the former three sacks took place. All the houses on the west side of the “third bag” were demolished to make way for a new street, the Franz-Joseph-Kai .
List of important buildings
(Numbering according to house numbers, even to the right, odd to the left of the main square, starting north)
- 1 - around 1280 corner house on Friedrich an dem Ekke's Murgasse ; 1381 first mentioned barber of Graz; later a rural Protestant collegiate school (abolished in 1598). With the addition of the rooms of the former Pfundner jewelry store , the Wilhelminian style house was completely rebuilt up to the facade, roof and staircase for or by the Hämmerle fashion house by November 2008. The Hämmerlehaus was sold to RA Held / Pluto VV in March 2015 while maintaining its 5 floors as a fashion store .
- 2 - Staigeregg-Haus (first floor: until 1998 Café Nordstern )
- 3 - 5 since 1852 Hotel Erzherzog Johann (ground floor: until 2010 Café Erzherzog Johann )
- 4 - a pharmacy since 1640
- 7 - 11 from 1885 onwards, Kastner & Öhler department store
- 8 - medieval house with late Gothic facade painting
- 9 - one of the first Graz coffee houses at the end of the 18th century.
- 10 - former Kienreich bookstore
- 12 - former small service building with Gasthaus Krebsenkeller ( Zum Roten Krebsen )
- 13 - in the 16th century the municipal armory in the courtyard
- 14 - Palais Kellersberg , reform dining house of the Guttempler (around 1910)
- 15 - small Palais Attems (also widow's palace )
- 16 - Palais Herberstein , from 1835 one of the oldest dance schools in German-speaking countries, from 1941 to 2011 Neue Galerie Graz , from 2011 to 2017 Museum im Palais, since April 2017 Museum for History of the Universalmuseum Joanneum .
- 17 - Palais Attems
- 18 - Palais Khuenburg , today Graz City Museum
- 19 - Dreifaltigkeitskirche (Graz) , built 1694–1704
- 20 - Reinerhof also Reiner Hof , the oldest documented building in Graz (1164)
- 27 - 36 second sack gate until 1835
See also
literature
- Walter Brunner, Kulturamt (Ed.): History of the City of Graz. 4 volumes . Self-published by the City of Graz, Graz 2003, ISBN 3-902234-02-4 .
- Bernd-F. Holasek: A very special piece of Graz - the Sackstraße art mile . Art Mile, Graz 2003, OBV .
- Ulrike Schuster: Lost Graz. A search for traces in the 19th and 20th centuries for demolished buildings and monuments in the Styrian capital . Österreichischer Kunst- und Kulturverlag, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-85437-119-5 .
Web links
- Official website of the Kunst Meile Graz
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e (Robert Engele :) How the sack opened . Kleine Zeitung , September 4, 2010, archived from the original on November 8, 2010 . . (From the series At that time in Graz ).
- ↑ Ulrike Schuster: Verlorenes Graz , p. 63.
- ^ Website Hämmerle / Das Modehaus> Shops> Graz , accessed March 22, 2015
- ↑ a b An archduke gives way to the supermarket . In: derstandard.at , June 22, 2010, accessed on September 14, 2013.
- ^ Anton Kapper: The house for the red cancer in the Sackstrasse in Graz. A contribution to the history of Graz, on the occasion of the turn of the year 1935/1936 as an anniversary publication dedicated to the dear guests by the owner of the restaurant, Alois Wunder . Sn, Graz 1936, OBV .
- ↑ Herberstein Palace. Retrieved April 27, 2017 .