Saffron mallows
Saffron mallows | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Turnera | ||||||||||||
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The saffron mallow ( Turnera ) are the eponymous genus of the subfamily of the saffron mallow family (Turneroideae) in the family of the passion flower family (Passifloraceae). Few species are used there as medicinal herbs and aphrodisiac . The botanical genus name honors the English naturalist William Turner (1510–1568).
description
In the genus Turnera there are annual and perennial herbaceous plants and woody plants: shrubs . Secondary growth in thickness takes place through a conventional cambium ring. Hair (trichomes) are often present on parts of plants. The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is pinnate. The leaf margin is serrated. At the base of the leaf blade there are glands or extra-floral nectaries. There are no stipules .
The flowers stand over (usually two) bracts individually in the leaf axils or together in racemose inflorescences. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry , five-fold flowers have a double perianth . The free flower cup (hypanthium) is short or tubular. There are five sepals . The five petals are nailed and mostly yellow. There is only one circle (the outer one) with five free, fertile stamens ; they are not fused with the petals and arise deep in the flower cup. Three carpels are a single-chamber, Upper permanent ovary grown. Each ovary contains 25 to 100 anatropic ovules in parietal placentation. There are three free pens available.
A triple capsule fruit is formed, which usually contains many seeds. The elongated to cylindrical seeds are curved. They contain a lot of oily endosperm and a differentiated, straight embryo. The seeds are surrounded by an aril.
Pollination is carried out by a large number of species of bees and butterflies ( entomophilia ).
Systematics and distribution
Except for two African species, all species are native to the New World .
The genus Turnera contains 50 to over 140 species, which have been divided into nine series since Urban 1883:
- Salicifoliae Urb series
.
- Turnera ignota Arbo
- Turnera panamensis Urb.
- Turnera weddelliana Urb. & Rolfe
- Stenodictyae
- Annulares
-
Capitatae Urb.
- Turnera capitata Cambess.
- Turnera maracasana Arbo
- Microphyllae Urb series .
- Turnera calyptrocarpa Urb.
- Damiana ( Turnera diffusa Willd. )
- Series Papilliferae
- Turnera chamaedrifolia Cambess.
- Turnera series (= Canaligerae Urban )
- Turnera aurelii Arbo
- Turnera campaniflora Arbo
- Turnera candida Arbo
- Turnera coerulea DC.
- Turnera concinna Arbo
- Turnera cuneiformis Poir.
- Turnera fernandezii Arbo
- Turnera grandidentata (Urb.) Arbo
- Turnera grandiflora (Urb.) Arbo
- Turnera hermannioides Cambess.
- Turnera krapovickasii Arbo
- Turnera joelii Arbo
- Turnera occidentalis Arbo & Shore
- Turnera orientalis (Urb.) Arbo
- Turnera scabra Millspaugh
- Turnera stenophylla Urb.
- Turnera subulata Smith
- Turnera ulmifolia L.
- Turnera velutina Presl
- Series Anomalae Urb.
- Turnera bahiensis Urb.
- Turnera cearensis Urb.
- Leiocarpae Urb series .
- Turnera hassleriana Urb.
- Turnera melochioides Cambess.
- Turnera nervosa Urb.
- Turnera opifera Mart.
- Turnera pumilea L.
- Turnera sidoides L.
- Other types (selection):
- Turnera acuta Willd. ex explos.
- Turnera aromatica Arbo
- Turnera aurantiaca Benth.
- Turnera callosa Urb.
- Turnera hindsiana Benth.
- Turnera melochioides Cambess.
- Turnera orientalis (Urb.) Arbo
- Turnera panamensis Urb.
- Turnera trioniflora ledge
photos
Turnera ulmifolia :
swell
- HR Coleman: in Western Australian Flora, 2008: Turnera - Online. (Section description)
- VG Solís Neffa and A. Fernández: Chromosome studies in Turnera (Turneraceae) , in Genet. Mol. Biol. , Volume 23, No. 4, 2000: doi : 10.1590 / S1415-47572000000400037
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 .
- ↑ a b Simon Truyens, Maria M. Arbo & Joel S. Shore: Phylogenetic relationships, chromosome and breeding system evolution in Turnera (Turneraceae): inferences from its sequence data , in American Journal of Botany , 92, 2005, p. 1749– 1758. On-line. (engl.).
- ^ I. Urban: Monograph of the family of Turneraceen , in Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Garden Berlin , 2, 1883, pp. 1–152.