Sally Slocum

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Sally (Linton) Slocum (* 1939 ) is an American anthropologist and diplomat .

Life

Slocum grew up in Clear Lake , Iowa, USA . She graduated from Clear Lake High School in 1957 and then studied at the University of Iowa , the University of Hawai'i , the University of Colorado and the University of California at Berkeley . At the latter, she received her bachelor's and master's degrees in anthropology. She completed her doctorate in 1975 at the University of Montana in Missoula.

Slocum was a founding member of the American Primatological Association in 1977.

She has taught at Colorado Women's College, the University of Montana, Missoula and the University of Nevada in Las Vegas , among others .

At the same time, Slocum passed the Foreign Service Exam. 1985 changed the profession and took a position as Foreign Service Officer in the State Department . She then worked for four years as a diplomat in the US embassies in Kuala Lumpur , Bamako , Abidjan and Brazzaville . until she went into early retirement in 1997.

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Sally Slocum is best known for her article "Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology", in which she deals with androcentric perspectives within anthropology. Your criticism is related to the second wave of feminism .

Until the 1970s, anthropology as an academic discipline was mainly developed by white Western men. Due to the limited perspective, the research revolved around the same questions and answers. With the women's movement in the US and the increasing number of female students studying anthropology, the discipline was questioned about its own blindnesses. In particular, such anthropological theories were criticized that one-sidedly represented human evolution as a development of the (male) hunter . A prominent evolutionary theory in the 1950s was that of 'Man The Hunter', which assumed that today's man and his worldview have developed in particular through the way of life as a hunter. The idea behind this is that men are the source of culture because hunting required group cooperation and organization, which led to the development of language , tools , art , society, politics , etc.

In her article "Woman the Gatherer", Slocum argues that the one-sided masculine tendency in anthropology is also reflected in the terminology used in relation to society, culture and people. According to Slocum, the word 'man' (in English 'man') is too often used so imprecisely that it is impossible to decide whether it is men (singular 'man') or just the human species ('man' ) generally acts. The resulting misunderstanding leads to the fact that evolution is understood as something that mainly describes male individuals. In her article, Slocum therefore focuses on the role of women as collectors and educators in the history of evolution . Using contemporary observations from hunter-gatherer societies and archaeological finds, Slocum proves that women played an active part in the procurement of food. She also argues that the first forms of cooperation and sharing appear in the mother-child relationship and that the increasing dependence of children on their mothers, which is characteristic of human evolution, is an indication that human cooperation and communication are getting through this relationship developed and not through hunting. Furthermore, according to Slocum, it is plausible that women developed the first tools because of their activities as collectors.

reception

At an anthropology conference in 1975, her lecture "Strippers and Their Customers: Interaction at the Bar" received widespread attention because Slocum herself was a burlesque dancer and reflected on her own experiences anthropologically. Her article "Woman the Gatherer" is the key text of the called feminist anthropology and inspired scholars and authors such as Adrienne Zihlman , Nancy Tanner , Donna Haraway and Elizabeth Fisher .

Publications

  • Linton, Sally: Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology. In: Women in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Preliminary Sourcebook , ed. by Jacob, SE University of Illinois Press: Champaign 1975, pp. 9-21. ( online )
    • also as: Slocum, Sally: Woman the gatherer: Male bias in Anthropology. In: Toward an Anthropology of Women . ed. von Reiter, Rayna. Monthly Review Press 1975. pp. 36-50.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Donna J. Haraway, Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science . Routledge, 2013, ISBN 978-1-136-60814-8 , pp. 423 ( google.de [accessed October 26, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Anthropology Durham: Sally Slocum is one of six women being celebrated in @ AnthDurham1's' # IWD2019 Solcum is a dedicated feminist anthropologist - her paper 'Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology' remains well read within feminist anthropology to this day.pic. twitter.com/gM0MkcGlkf. In: @ anthdurham1. March 8, 2019, accessed October 26, 2019 .
  3. ^ Sally Slocum: Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology . In: Toward an Anthropology of Women . Monthly Review Press, 1975, pp. 49 ( philpapers.org [accessed October 26, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Vicki Cummings, Peter Jordan, Marek Zvelebil: The Oxford Handbook of the Archeology and Anthropology of Hunter-gatherers . Oxford University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-955122-4 , pp. 155 ( google.de [accessed October 26, 2019]).
  5. ↑ a b Lori Hager: Women In Human Evolution . Routledge, 2005, ISBN 978-1-134-84010-6 , pp. 5 f . ( google.de [accessed on October 26, 2019]).
  6. ↑ Irene DeVore Richard B. Lee: Man The Hunter . ( archive.org [accessed October 26, 2019]).
  7. ^ A b Ellen Carol DuBois: Feminist Scholarship: Kindling in the Groves of Academe . University of Illinois Press, 1987, ISBN 978-0-252-01464-2 , pp. 21st f . ( google.de [accessed on October 26, 2019]).
  8. ^ Kelley Hays-Gilpin, David S. Whitley: Reader in Gender Archeology . Psychology Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-415-17360-5 , pp. 88 ( google.de [accessed October 26, 2019]).
  9. ↑ Does Teaching College Have Its Bumps? Is it a grind? Professor Sally (autumn Lee) Slocum Knows. Retrieved October 26, 2019 .
  10. ^ Robert C. Scharff, Val Dusek: Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition: An Anthology . John Wiley & Sons, 2013, ISBN 978-1-118-72272-5 ( google.de [accessed October 26, 2019]).
  11. ^ Donna J. Haraway, Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science . Routledge, 2013, ISBN 978-1-136-60814-8 , pp. 334 ( google.de [accessed October 26, 2019]).
  12. ^ Fisher, Elizabeth: Woman's creation: sexual evolution and the shaping of society . 1st edition. McGraw-Hill, New York 1980, ISBN 0-07-021105-1 , pp. 60 .
personal data
SURNAME Slocum, Sally
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Linton, Sally
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American anthropologist and diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH 1939