San Nicolò di Lido

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San Nicolò di Lido , more rarely San Nicolò al Lido or del Lido , is a church on the Lido , part of the eastern edge of the Venice lagoon . The building is located on the northern part of the Lido Island and looks west with the entrance gate. It is a former Benedictine, now a Franciscan church and monastery. The building was built around 1053, the current shape was created from 1626, whereby the building was rebuilt offset. Archaeological excavations in the 1980s reveal the work of Byzantine mosaicists on the original building.

history

The visit of the Doge in San Nicolò, Gabriele Bella († 1799), Palazzo Querini Stampalia
Photo of the church, created before 1904

A church was built there between 1053 and 1064, which was considerably enlarged in 1316. Doge Domenico Contarini was buried there in 1071 . He had founded the monastery himself in 1053 together with the Patriarch Domenico Marango and the Bishop of Olivolo, who was also called Domenico Contarini, perhaps a relative of the Doge. In 1071 his successor Domenico Silvo was elected Doge in the church, as the St. Mark's Church was still unfinished at that time. According to legend, the Venetian crusaders who returned in 1099 seized the remains of St. Nikolaus von Myra , the patron saint of seafarers. The church was intended for these relics after the return of the fleet. The first abbot of the attached monastery was the Benedictine Sergius, followed by Zeno. In 1072 an extensive donation from a Remedius expanded the lands to include areas near Trieste, for which the local bishop gave his consent. This included the lands of the Church of Sant'Apollinare with vineyards, olive groves and other possessions. Under the third abbot, Vitale, the relics of Nicholas of Myra came into the possession of the monastery. In 1114 the monastic property was expanded further when Bertoldo, the bishop of Parenzo , placed the church of Sant'Anastasio and other churches in the Parenzo area under his control. In 1133 there was a similar transfer of ownership of the Abbey of San Pietro di Carso by the Patriarch of Aquileia, in 1205 Wolfger of Aquileia confirmed this foundation. 1151 received the monastery from Konrad III. Imperial protection and privileges, which were confirmed by Frederick II in 1222.

On the occasion of the peace negotiations in 1177 between Pope Alexander III. Venetian chroniclers claim that Emperor Frederick I was honored by the son of Doge Sebastiano Ziani in San Nicolò, to which Alexander fled on March 24, 1177, and was solemnly led to St. Mark's Church . On July 23, six galleys also brought the emperor to San Nicolò in order to solemnly escort him to St. Mark's Square the next day through the doge, the patriarch, the clergy and the people. At the end of the 13th century there were doubts about the authenticity of the relics of St. Nicholas, so that Abbot Pietro Balastro saw himself compelled to open the reliquary in 1282. Abbot Francesco Tagliapiera did not close it again until five years later.

In 1316 the Great Council decided to renovate and enlarge the church. The Doge Andrea Dandolo , accompanied by the Bishop of Castello Niccolò Morosini, as well as the entire Senate (at that time still called Rogati), also visited a large crowd on May 3, 1347 San Niccolò di Lido to inspect the relics and to worship appropriately. Shortly afterwards, according to Marin Sanudo , Abbot Martino died. The grave was opened again in 1399 for 40 days, until the grave was closed again on September 20, again in 1449. This time the three saints were again kept separately. In 1451 the new Patriarch of Venice, Lorenzo Giustiniani, appeared in the monastery to initiate a reform. Since then, the abbots have been elected every three years by the congregation.

The elegant cloister was built in 1530. The church complex on the Lido was rebuilt in the baroque era. For a long time there was a Jewish cemetery near the church, the oldest in the city. It was created at the end of the 14th century.

The current church was started elsewhere by Francesco Contin in 1626 and completed by Matteo Cirtoni in 1629, the remains of the old church can be found in the monastery area; parts of the south nave of the old church have been preserved. The relics were solemnly transferred to the monastery on May 11, 1628 under Abbot Girolamo Spinelli, namely under an altar, and in 1634 they were brought to the new church. In the apse there was a representation of Christ accompanied by two angels, plus inscriptions with references to the Bishop of Olivolo, to Domenico Contarini. Parts of these mosaics, most likely created by Byzantine craftsmen (p. 158), broken down into the individual tesserae , were rediscovered in the overburden during archaeological investigations and stored in two boxes.

When Goethe visited Lido in 1786, only fishermen and the local monks lived there. The monastery was closed in 1770; In 1938 it went to the Friars Minor of St. Antony.

Furnishing

Bust of the Doge Domenico I. Contarini (1043-1071) on the facade above the main entrance with an inscription from 1611, which lists the merits of the Doge as seen by contemporaries: The Doge subjugated Zara and Dalmatia, protected Grado and defeated the Normans in Apulia, peace and religion, he built churches and furnished them. The bust was added in 1640.

The facade was left unfinished. The single-nave building has three chapels on each side. The high altar dates from 1630, there are relics of hll. Theodor and Nikolaus. The sarcophagus comes from Cosimo Fanzago . The wooden choir behind the altar was created in 1634 by Giovanni Carlo and Giovanni Cremasco, the latter created the 27 panels depicting scenes from the life of St. Describing Nicholas. Inside there are frescoes by Girolamo Pellegrini and Pietro della Vecchia .

The campanile dates from the time it was built and is dated between 1626 and 1629.

literature

  • Irina Andreescu-Treadgold: Some considerations on the eleventh-century byzantine wall mosaics of Hosios Loukas and San Nicolò di Lido , in: Musiva & sectilia 5 (2008) 118–167 (v. A. From p. 150). ( academia.edu )
  • Licia Fabbiani: La Fondazione Monastica di San Nicolo di Lido: 1053–1628 , Venice 1989.
  • Michele Tombolani: Venezia. Scavo nell'area della antica chiesa di S. Nicolò del Lido , in: La ricostruzione dell'ambiente antico attraverso lo studio e l'analisi del terreno e dei manufatti (strumenti e metodi di ricerca) , Seminari di Archeologia delle Venezie e Topografia dell Italia Antica IV (1986) 61-64.
  • Mario Hellmann: San Nicolò di Lido. Nella storia, nella cronaca, nell'arte , 1968.
  • Herbert Rosendorfer : Church leaders Venice. 2nd edition, Seemann, 2013, p. 214 f. (very close)

Web links

Commons : San Nicolò di Lido  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Șerban V. Marin (Ed.): Gian Giacomo Caroldo. Istorii Veneţiene , Vol. I: De la originile Cetăţii la moartea dogelui Giacopo Tiepolo (1249) , Arhivele Naţionale ale României, Bucharest 2008, pp. 148–156, here: p. 152 (see Historie venete dal principio della città fino all 'anno 1382 ).
  2. ^ Adolfo Ottolenghi , Riccardo Pacifici : L'antico cimitero ebraico di San Nicolo di Lido , Venice 1929 contains five graves from the period between 1636 and 1697. Cf. Carla Boccato: L'antico cimitero ebraico di San Nicolò di Lido a Venezia , Comitato per il Centro Storico Ebraico di Venezia, Venice 1980.
  3. ↑ Irina Andreescu-Treadgold: Some considerations on the eleventh-century byzantine wall mosaics of Hosios Loukas and San Nicolò di Lido , in: Musiva & sectilia 5 (2008) 118–167, here: p. 150.
  4. Jump up ↑ Deborah Howard, Sarah Quill, Laura Moretti: The Architectural History of Venice , Yale University Press, 2002, p. 276.
  5. ↑ The inscription reads: "DOMINICO CONTARENO - QUI REBELLEM DALMATIAM, COMPRESSA IADERA DOMUIT - GRADUM, PULSI AQUILEIENSE, RECEPIT - NORMANOS IN APULIA VICIT - PACE PATRIAE REDDITA, RELIGIONE ETRIAE AUCTA, LUCI TAUCTA, LUCTA-LATA-LUCTA - HOCTERICOLAIS - CONTRIA-LUCTA - HOCTERICOLA" SACRIS Divorum CINERIBUS ORNAVIT - AETERNAE principis MEMORIAE - SEXCENTIS POST obitum ANNIS viginti SEPTEM CUM PRAEFUISSET - Monachi CASINATES Beneficiorum memores - HAC tumuli RENOVATIONE LITANT - ANNO MDCXI "(edited in Andrea Da Mosto : tombe I dogi di Venezia con particolare riguardo all loro , Ferdinando Ongania, Venice n.d., p. 323).

Coordinates: 45 ° 25 ′ 40.3 "  N , 12 ° 22 ′ 50.2"  E