San Teodoro al Palatino
| San Teodoro al Palatino
|
|
|---|---|
| Patronage : | St. Theodor Tiro |
| Religious community: | Greek Orthodox Church |
| Consecration day : | 6th century |
| Cardinal Deacon : | vacant |
| Parish: | Santa Maria in Portico in Campitelli |
| Address: | Via San Teodoro, 7 00186 Roma |
San Teodoro al Palatino ( Titulus Sancti Theodori in Palatio ), also known as San Toto for short , is a church in Rome in the X. Rione Campitelli . It was built in the 6th century on the ancient road connecting the Forum Romanum with the Forum Boarium along the north-western slope of the Palatine Hill and is dedicated to Saint Theodor Tiro of Euchaita, who died a martyr around 306 .
history
The church was probably built at the end of the 6th century over a round temple near the Lupercal . From this small round church only the apse and wall remains, as well as a pagan altar at the entrance. At that time the church stood in a courtyard of the Horrea Agrippianae , which was still in operation , the granary for this part of the city, which was predominantly inhabited by Greeks. The patron saint of the church was the Greek soldier saint Theodor, who was venerated primarily in the Eastern Church at that time . The church, which was one of the seven original diakonia in the city, is mentioned as a diakonia as early as the time of Pope Gregory I (590–604). The first deacon is said to have been appointed by Pope Agatho in 678, while the first deacon known by name was Roberto (around 1073). Under Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590) it lost its status as titular church . In the 16th century the erroneous assumption arose that the rotunda was originally an ancient temple of Romulus; this is due to the fact that artists subsequently chose the title "Tempio di Romolo".
Building description
Between 1453 and 1454, Pope Nicholas V (1447–1455) had Bernardo Rossellino re-erect a domed, brick-made round building with three apses , presumably on old foundations. From 1702 to 1704, Carlo Fontana gave the church its present form with a forecourt and staircase to the higher Via San Teodoro.
Titled deaconry and cardinal deacons
On December 2, 1959, Pope John XXIII. the Titulus Sancti Theodori again. The first cardinal deacon was William Theodore Heard . He was followed by Ernesto Civardi from 1979-1989 , then Cardinal Vincenzo Fagiolo . The titulus has been vacant since 2000 . John Paul II left the church to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Greek Orthodox community in Rome. From 2002 to 2006 the church was restored and redesigned for the Byzantine rite . On July 1, 2004, the Patriarch Bartholomeos I took part in the dedication ceremony.
inner space
The composition of the mosaic in the apse from the late 6th century, created around 600, has been preserved to this day; Restored around 1642 under Cardinal Francesco Barberini were mainly the head of Christ , the hand of Paul, the young saint next to Paul, as well as the gold ground and the decorative strip. The mosaic shows Christ with a gesture of blessing , cross nimbus and cross staff enthroned on a star-studded globe ; he wears a black robe with a golden laticlavius, the symbol of high status in Roman society. Above him comes the hand of God the Father with a laurel wreath made of colorful clouds. On the right, Peter (with a key) leads the martyr Theodor (with a patterned cloak) to Christ, on the left, Paul (with a scroll) leads a young saint ( George ?).
The two outer saints wear their martyrs' crowns on their hands, which they veiled according to the Byzantine court ceremony. The Capitoline Wolf was kept in this church until 1471 .
literature
- Ferdinand Gregorovius : History of the city of Rome in the Middle Ages in the Gutenberg-DE project 1859–1872. New edition, 2nd edition, 4 volumes. Beck, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-406-07107-4 .
- Anton Henze : Art Guide Rome. Reclam, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-15-010402-5 , p. 270.
- Walther Buchowiecki , Brigitte Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome. Vol. 4. Hollinek, Vienna 1997, p. 3ff.
- KS Staikos: La Chiesa di San Teodoro Tirone sul Colle Palatino. Kotinos SA, Athens 2006, ISBN 960-88927-4-0 .
- Claudio Rendina: Le Chiese di Roma. Newton & Compton Editori, Rome 2007, ISBN 978-88-541-0931-5 .
- Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A Vademecum. Herder, Freiburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-451-31105-5 , p. 323ff.
Web links
- romeartlover photos of the church and the surrounding area
Individual evidence
- ^ Diocese of Rome
- ↑ Lexicon for Theology and Church (LThK), Freiburg 2006, Vol. 9, 1411f. as well as Lexicon of Christian Iconography (LCI), Freiburg 2004, Vol. 8, 447f.
- ↑ Accurata, e succinta descrizione topografica delle antichità di Roma
- ↑ Walther Buchowiecki , Brigitte Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome. Vol. 4. Vienna 1997, p. 3ff.
- ↑ Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A Vademecum . Freiburg 2016, 323ff. with site plan and floor plan Fig. 49.1.
- ↑ www.zenit.org on July 1, 2004 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - Ein Vademecum , Freiburg 2016, p. 324f.
- ↑ Christa Ihm: The programs of Christian apse painting from the fourth century to the middle of the eighth century. Wiesbaden 1992, pp. 140f.
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 25.6 ″ N , 12 ° 29 ′ 5.2 ″ E