Sand cone snail
| Sand cone | ||||||||||||
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Enclosure of Conus arenatus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Conus arenatus | ||||||||||||
| Hwass in Bruguière , 1792 |
The sand cone snail or sand cone ( Conus arenatus ) is a screw from the family of the cone snails (genus Conus ), which in Indopazifik is used and from Vielborstern fed.
features
Conus arenatus carries a medium-sized, in western populations also large, moderately firm to moderately heavy snail shell , which reaches 2.5 to 9 cm in length in adult snails. The body circumference is mostly bulbous-conical in eastern populations, conical, sometimes broadly conical, the outline convex, sometimes straight in the middle. The case has a pronounced fasciole, which is sometimes separated from the basal zone by an incision. The shoulder is slightly angled to rounded and covered with weak to strong tubercles. The thread is low to moderately high and its outline is straight to moderately convex. The first whorls of the teleoconch are covered with weak tubercles. The seam ramps of the Teleoconch are concave with a spiral groove increasing to 4 to 6. The body is sculptured at the base with spirally running, weak ribs, which in young adults can be grainy and up to the shoulder.
The basic color of the housing is white. The area around the body is covered with spiral rows of brown or black dots, which are spirally combined in 2 to 3 interrupted bands or axially in zigzag-like flames. The dotted areas are often underlaid with gray shadows, especially within the spiral bands. Dense white lines often alternate irregularly with dark points. The whorls of the Protoconch are white. The seam ramps of the Teleoconch are alternately spotted with axial collections of brown and black points. The case mouth is white, further inside brown or pink.
The thin, velvety smooth periostracum is either translucent olive-colored or opaque reddish-brown. The operculum is thick and opaque in large and in some almost adult animals.
The top of the foot is cream colored with yellowish-brown spots and a brown to black spot in the middle of the front end, which is occasionally followed by a few gray to black spots. At the back of the foot there is sometimes a dotted black line in front of the edge. The front edge of the foot is sometimes orange-brown. The sole of the foot is white to brown, sometimes darker in front, with dark yellow spots and sometimes with brown longitudinal stripes, with the markings on the sides often more pronounced. The rostrum is yellow, the antennae white to pale yellow, the sipho white or light pink with an orange or red spotted tip, the central part with a single black dorsal spot or a narrow black to gray ring, the proximal part often spotted dark yellow.
The radula teeth, which are connected to a venom gland, have a barb on the tip and a second barb on the opposite side. They are studded with a series of teeth that end in a jag and at the base with a spur.
distribution and habitat
Conus arenatus is distributed in the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and the coast of East Africa to the Marshall Islands , Tuamotu and Australia ( Northern Territory , Queensland , Western Australia ). It lives in the intertidal zone and almost exclusively on sand down to depths of about 30 m, rarely on rubble mixed with sand or on mud in mangroves .
Due to Lesseps migration over the Suez Canal , the sand cone snail now appears as a neozoon in the eastern Mediterranean on the coast of Israel .
Diet and predators
The prey of Conus arenatus consists of Vielborstern (polychaete) of families Capitellidae , Maldanidae , Nereididae and Eunicidae .
However, Conus arenatus is itself eaten by various predatory snails , such as moon snails and the melon snail Melo amphora .
literature
- Alan J. Kohn: Conus of the Southeastern United States and Caribbean. Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey) 2014. pp. 226-239.
- George Washington Tryon: Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species , vol. VI; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1884. C [onus] arenatus Hwass., P. 18.
- JJ Welch (2010). The Island Rule and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence . PLoS ONE 5 (1), e8776. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0008776 .
- Dieter Röckel, Werner Korn, Alan J. Kohn: Manual of the Living Conidae Vol. 1: Indo-Pacific Region . Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1995. The texts on the individual cone snail species of the Indo-Pacific are published on The Conus Biodiversity website with the permission of the authors (see web links).
Web links
- The Conus Biodiversity website: Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
- Underwater Kwajalein: Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Zenetos, S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, ME Cinar, JE Garcia Raso, CN Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso , G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katagan, E. Ballesteros, AA Ramos-Espla, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocana, A. Zingone, MC Gambi, N. Streftaris (2010): Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of the European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science 11 (2), pp. 381-493.
- ↑ HK Mienis (2008): New or little known marine molluscs of Red Sea or Indo-Pacific origin from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Triton 17, pp. 5-6.