Sand mill (Duisburg)
The sand mill is a historic mill yard in the southeast of the Duisburg district of Huckingen on the Düsseldorfer Landstrasse and on the old Angerbach .
Origin of name
The name sant moelen of the former, water-powered grain mill results from the geographical location. The building was erected on the old Angerbach on a foothill of the Heidberg, a sand dune of the Rheinurstromtal.
Owner and tenant
The first documentary mention comes from the year 1448. In a copy of the document from the 16th century, the knight Hermann von Winkelhausen's ownership rights to the sand mill are confirmed by his sovereign Gerhard Herzog zu Jülich and Berg and Graf zu Ravensberg . The document also says that these rights had already been "given to Hermann's parents and ancestors". In 1551 Hermann von Winkelhausen transferred the mill to his nephew Johann as a marriage tax. In 1884 Prince Alfred von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg sold the Sandmühle estate, which at that time included more than 15 hectares of land in the communities of Huckingen , Mündelheim and Wittlaer , to Count von Spee , who in turn sold the sandmill to the city of Duisburg in 1952 .
The sand mill was leased into the 20th century. It is noticeable that the mill remained in the hands of the same families for generations. The oldest known lease certificate dates from 1685. In this, the sand mill is leased to Theißen Siepenkotten and his wife Metschen Brockhauß. Other tenants were Heinrich Siepenkotten (1773–1783), his son Johannes (1783–1792), then again Heinrich Siepenkotten and his grandson Heinrich Bors and his descendants until the beginning of the 19th century. Then the sand mill went to a family Holzschneider, until 1910 to the Schmitz family (Mrs. Schmitz was born Holzschneider), 1910–1931 to the Bloemenkamp family (Mrs. Bloemenkamp was born Schmitz) and 1931–1956 to Michael Kreifels, a son of Neighbors from Gut Kesselberg.
Archaeological Findings
The mill yard today consists of the mill building, which has been expanded and changed several times over the centuries, as well as two other free-standing buildings, probably from the 19th century, namely a brick barn to the northwest and another brick building in the southwest.
Archaeological studies have shown that the mill building was created in at least 6 construction phases. According to experts, a previous medieval building, a stone hall, dates from the 12th-13th centuries. Century. This is shown by the approx. 1.20 m thick and 1.80 m deep rubble foundations inside the present mill building. Building on this, the core of today's mill building was built around 1687. A northern extension probably took place in the 18th century, a western extension between 1800 and 1805, which was extended again in 1906. In 1913 the building was expanded on the east side.
The type of building and the location between Angerbach, Bruchgraben and a moat that can be found on a map from 1817 suggest a medieval aristocratic residence in the form of a moated castle. It is believed that the Kesselsberg estate on the other side of the Anger served as a farm for the Sandmühle noble residence. It is not known exactly when the aristocratic sand mill became a water mill. However, it can be seen that the Angerbach, which originally flowed a little further east, was brought up to the mill building for the purpose of being used for the watermill.
The archaeological findings also show that in the second half of the 17th century, presumably when it was leased to Theißen Siepenkotten in 1685, the now dilapidated aristocratic residence was extensively renovated and expanded. For example, an old millstone was placed under the dilapidated foundation to stabilize it, a new half-timbered building, largely still standing today, was built on the old quarry stone foundations, and a second waterwheel was probably installed at this point.
use
The sand mill was a grain mill during its entire period of use. It should be noted that the construction and operation of a mill was a sovereign privilege until the 19th century. Associated with this was a compulsory meal that applied to all goods and farms in the meal district. For the sand mill, this compulsory area included the villages of Huckingen , Serm , Mündelheim , Ehingen and Rheinheim .
Until 1913 the mill was powered by water wheels. Then these were replaced by a turbine because of the higher efficiency . At the same time, the eastward expansion of the mill building was carried out. After the Angerbach was straightened in 1927 and relocated to the west side of Huckingen, thus draining the old Angerbach bed, the mill had to be operated electrically. In 1956 the mill was stopped and the last miller left the sand mill. The living area of the mill building was then inhabited until the 1980s.
Even then there were considerations to renovate the sandmill, as the building had significant defects. Moisture in walls and floors as well as corresponding dry rot infestation were the main problems. The upcoming renovation was prepared between 1990 and 1992. The building was measured, existing structures and materials recorded, and damage and weak points identified. After it has been decided that the usage should be kept unchanged i.e. H. a living area in the western extension from the beginning of the 19th century and the mill rooms in the core of the building without constant use, the actual renovation was carried out between 1992 and 1995.
Today the sand mill is a building and ground monument of the city of Duisburg . The western extension of the mill building is inhabited again today. The two brick buildings are used commercially.
literature
- Dietmar Ahlemann: sand mill. In: Bürgererverein Duisburg-Huckingen e. V. (Ed.): Huckinger Heimatbuch - Geschichte. Volume IV (History of the Huckinger Höfe), Duisburg 2019, pp. 194–250.
- Dietmar Ahlemann: sand mill. In: Bürgererverein Duisburg-Huckingen e. V. (Hrsg.): Historical hiking trail in the Angerland - Huckingen and the surrounding area. Completely revised new edition, Gladbeck 2012, pp. 38–40, huckingen.de (PDF; 7.3 MB).
- Richard Baumann: The Groß-Winkelhausen manor used to belong to two old water mills . In: Die Quecke, Ratinger and Angerländer Heimatblätter , No. 85, December 2015, Lintorf 2015, pp. 73–76.
- The sand mill in Duisburg-Huckingen . In: Ulrich Tielsch (Ed.): Archeology and preservation of monuments in Duisburg . No. 3 . Duisburg 1997.
Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 18 " N , 6 ° 44 ′ 40.9" E
