Santa Marta sword wings
| Santa Marta sword wings | ||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Campylopterus phainopeplus | ||||||||||
| Salvin & Godman , 1879 |
The Santa Marta sword or turquoise sword ( Campylopterus phainopeplus ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). This endemic and monotypical species has a range that is limited to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in the South American country of Colombia . The stock is on the IUCN (as "critically endangered" Endangered ) classified.
features
The Santa Marta sword wing reaches a body length of about 13 centimeters. The powerful 25 millimeter long beak is slightly curved. The male is predominantly green: the apex is green and becomes glittering green on the back and top. The throat and chest are shiny blue. The right-angled tail is steel blue to black. The upper side of the female shimmers green, the crown and the cheeks are slightly more cloudy than in the male. The underside is gray with green flanks and under tail-coverts. The green tail shows a few gray speckles.
distribution and habitat
The hummingbird occurs on damp forest edges and in shady plantations. Among the plantations, he prefers banana plantations on the southern slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta near San Sebastián de Buenavista . Here it moves at heights between 1200 and 4800 meters, migrating between the altitudes . In the dry season from February to May, he is out and about at altitudes between 1200 and 1800 meters. In the wetter season from June to October you can see him in the high altitude typical páramos up to the snow line. On the northern slopes it is only found at the eastern end of the upper course of the Rio Macotama .
behavior
The bird is usually alone in the lower to middle stratification layers . When taking in nectar, it moves in shady and partly open terrain. When singing, he usually sits on high, exposed branches. It breeds from April to June when it migrates to the higher altitudes.
Danger
Since only 15% of the original vegetation of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is left, the natural habitat of the species is considered endangered. The greatest threat comes from the illegal cultivation of marijuana and cocaine . But the beginning of the cultivation of coffee and bananas since 1950 also has negative effects on the ecosystem. The breeding areas of the bird, which are in the much more inhospitable regions, seem less problematic. It was not until March 24, 2010 that Laura Cardenas succeeded in taking a picture of a living specimen for the first time.
Etymology and history of research
Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuCane Godman described the hummingbird under its current name Campylopterus phainopeplus . They gave Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta as the location. The collector of the type specimen was the British geographer Frederic AA Simons . »Campylopterus« is made up of the Greek words »kampylos, kamptō καμπυλος, καμπτω « for » secure , curved, curve« and »-pteros, pteron -πτερος, πτερον « for »-flügelig, wing«. "Phainopeplus" is a Greek structure from "phaeinos, phainō φαεινος, φαινω " for "shiny, radiant, shining" and "peplos -πτερος, πεπλος " for "coat".
literature
- Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 ( online [accessed August 11, 2014]).
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Osbert Salvin, Frederick DuCane Godman: On a Collection of Birds from Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia . In: The Ibis (= 4 ). tape 3 , no. 17 , 1879, p. 196-206 ( online [accessed August 11, 2014]).
- Walter Edmond Clyde Todd , Melbourne Armstrong Carriker : The birds of the Santa Marta region of Colombia: a study in altitudinal distribution . In: Annals of the Carnegie Museum . tape 14 , 1922, pp. 3–582 ( online [accessed August 11, 2014]).
Web links
- Campylopterus phainopeplus inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Santa Marta Sabrewing ( Campylopterus phainopeplus ) . Retrieved August 13, 2014.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Santa Marta Sabrewing (Campylopterus phainopeplus) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Santa Marta rapier wings ( Campylopterus phainopeplus ) at Avibase; accessed on August 13, 2014.
- Campylopterus phainopeplus in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved August 13, 2014.
- xeno-canto: sound recordings - Santa Marta Sabrewing ( Campylopterus phainopeplus )
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- The New York Times Rare Bird, Alive and Well and Living in Colombia (Engl.) Newspaper article with picture
Individual evidence
- ↑ ProAves First ever photo of Endangered Santa Marta Sabrewing and image
- ↑ Osbert Salvin et al. a., p. 202
- ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 87
- ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 301