Schönborn Chapel (Würzburg)

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Schönborn Chapel at St. Kilian Cathedral

The so-called Schönborn Chapel on the northern transept of the Würzburg Cathedral was built from 1721 mainly by Balthasar Neumann on behalf of Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn until 1724 (shell construction) and from 1731 to 1736 by Friedrich Carl von Schönborn as a burial place for the Schönborn family .

Building history

Schönborn Chapel, seen from the east

The Schönborn Chapel, which consists of a round central building ( rotunda ) with two annexes , is attached to the northern transept of the Romanesque Kilians Cathedral , where it replaced an older chapel. The client was Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn , Maximilian von Welsch made plans. Construction began in 1721, the plans were revised by Balthasar Neumann in 1723 and the shell was completed in 1724. Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt was also involved in the modifications . The consecration took place in 1736. The Schönborn Chapel is considered to be one of the most beautiful baroque room creations in Germany. The furnishings were carried out by court artists from 1733 to 1738. Antonio Giuseppe Bossi made the marble stucco work in 1734 . An important stucco statue of Immaculata from the episcopal private altar on the gallery above the main altar, which inspired the so-called House Madonnas of Würzburg, also comes from him. The frescoes were created (partly with Johann Thalhofer and Anton Joseph Högler) by the court painter Johann Rudolf Byss . Six white Marmar statues for the side altars and the main altar were created in Massa-Carrara based on designs by Johann Wolfgang van der Auwera . The sculptural furnishings of the ancillary rooms were made by the court sculptor Claude Curé.

Altar leaves created by Federico Bencovich from Venice were replaced by those by Tiepolo in 1752 and were lost themselves.

In the Schönborn chapel were Friedrich Carl von Schönborn , Prince Bishop of Wurzburg and Bamberg and Imperial Vice-Chancellor († 1746), and the builder Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn , who was elected in 1719 as Bishop of Würzburg († 1724) buried. The Schönborn Chapel can be seen from the central building of the Würzburg Residence through Hofstrasse, so that the Schönborns always had their burial place in front of their eyes. In addition, Theodolinde Charlotte Luise (1816-1817), daughter of the future King Ludwig I (Bavaria), was buried in the Schönborn Chapel. She died at the time when Ludwig I was staying in Würzburg as Crown Prince.

The Schönborn Chapel is one of the historic buildings in Würzburg that can be seen on the front of the 50-mark note of the fourth series to the left of the portrait of Balthasar Neumann.

literature

Schönborn Chapel, interior view with stucco lustro and gold leaf
  • Walter Boll : The Schönborn Chapel at the Würzburg Cathedral. A contribution to the art history of the XVIII. Century . G. Müller, Munich 1925, DNB 579229467 (Dissertation University of Würzburg, Philosophical Faculty 1922, 146 pages).
  • Hellmut Hager : Balthasar Neumann's Schönborn chapel at Würzburg cathedral and its Berninesque prototype . In: Architectural history 16, 1983, ISSN  0066-622X , pp. 73-81.
  • Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 652–654 and 662 f.
  • Christian Rümelin: The Schönborn Chapel by Balthasar Neumann. Ground plan genesis and plan construction . In: Yearbook for Franconian State Research 56, 1996, ISSN  0446-3943 , pp. 307–339.
  • Harmen Thies : Floor plan figures of Balthasar Neumann . For the true-to-scale, geometrical crack structure of the Schönborn Chapel and the Court Church in Würzburg , Editrice Edam, Florence 1980, DNB 208977694 .
  • Georg Stippler: The Würzburg Sankt Kiliansdom. Reconstruction from destruction in 1945 to re-opening in 1967. Dissertation, University of Würzburg 2012 ( full text ).

Web links

Commons : Schönbornkapelle (Würzburg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 652.
  2. Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 662 f.
  3. Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 663.

Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '37.25 "  N , 9 ° 55' 57.25"  O