Chess glossary
The chess glossary describes well-known expressions from the game of chess and chess composition in alphabetical order. Not included chess variants , fairy chess figures , openings and their variants, as well as proper names, for example, people.
0-9
- 0-0
- Little castling notation .
- 0-0-0
- Great castling notation .
- 50-move rule
- If no pawn has been moved and no piece has been captured for 50 moves in a row, the game is a draw .
A.
- cancellation
- Interruption of a game after the cooling-off period has expired or after the planned number of moves have been made. See also hanging part .
- Levy train
- The given move is the move that is written down face down in hanging games after the end of regular playing time. If the sealed move is not clear or illegible, the player has lost the game.
- deflection
- steering . The distraction is the steering of a stone from covering a certain field or other task. See also
- appraisal
- In the case of a game that can no longer be finished, a referee or neutral persons can assess the result, provided this is permitted by the tournament conditions. Estimates are used particularly in correspondence chess .
- Playback
- A variant when analyzing openings or given positions.
- Exchange
- An exchange is understood as the mutual hitting of equivalent material.
- completion
- Processing is a mostly combinatorial exchange sequence or defusing a tense situation.
- Deduction
- battery is referred to as a deduction . If a chess bid arises in this way, one speaks of deduction chess. The withdrawal of the front figure of a
- Trigger chess
- See deduction .
- Universal transformation
- chess composition, the transformation of one or more pawns into all pieces in the course of different variants. In
- amateur
- See NN
- at the train
- If it is a player's turn to move, it is his “turn”.
- analysis
- Analysis is the exploration of a position, mostly from a previous game, in order to examine the possibilities of the position.
- More attractive
- The player with the white stones is referred to as the more attractive. The black player, on the other hand, is called a trailing player.
- suit
- See attractive
- Tightening advantage
- The attracting advantage of opening the lot is called the attracting advantage. It is controversial whether there is an objective advantage, although the white player usually achieves slightly better results than his opponent.
- task
- Refraining from continuing the game. The game is counted as a defeat for the resigning player.
- compensation
- The transition from a position that sees one of the two players at an advantage to a balanced position without any benefit to either side, e.g. B. the negation of White's advantage in the course of the opening.
Compensating for an advantage of the opponent with one's own different one. For example, material against developmental lead.
- draw
- In tournaments, pairings are created according to certain systems. The creation of these pairings is called the draw.
B.
- battery
- A battery is a formation of two figures of the same color whose rear figure observes the figure in front as a line figure and can attack an opposing figure after this figure has moved away. A battery directed against the king can be capable of double check, i.e. double attack against the king.
- Farmer
- back rank , he must be in another stone of the same color with the exception of King convert . The farmer also masters the en-passant stroke. Its value is a pawn unit . The pawn is a chess piece that can only move forward. He moves one square, in the basic position two squares straight ahead, and hits one square at an angle. On the opponent's
- Peasant unit
- Chess programs usually calculate position estimates in steps of 0.01 pawn units. A pawn unit is the value of a pawn, on the basis of which the material value of the chess pieces is calibrated.
- Pawn endgame
- endgame is an endgame in which only kings and pawns are left. A pawn
- Pawn formation
- The pawn formation is the formation of the pawns on the chess board. It plays a role especially in strategic decisions.
- Peasant chain
- A pawn chain is a formation in which several pawns stand diagonally behind one another and thus defend each other. Since the pawn at the back of the chain is not defended by a pawn himself, he is usually considered the weakest link.
- Pawn sacrifice
- As pawns is called in contrast to the figural , tower or queen sacrifice , the sacrifice of a pawn. Often pawn sacrifices appear as gambits in the opening .
- time to think
- Chess clocks are usually used to measure time. Depending on the time modes , a distinction is made between bullet chess , blitz chess , rapid chess and normal time. In remote parts the reflection period is usually up to three days per train, while only a minute is in Bullet Chess per player. Exceeding the reflection period is usually punished with loss of the game. Thinking time is the time players have to make their moves.
- Consulting party
- Theo Schuster said that consultation games, each with a master, would be particularly interesting for viewers if the masters shared their thoughts. Lapwings were obliged to be neutral. Advisory games are games in which one or both parties consist of several players who are allowed to help each other. This form of play was popular in the past, but is rarely found today.
- Professional chess
- Chess is an interesting profession because of the high cash prices, but according to Theo Schuster, only the world's elite can actually make a living by playing chess, while many Soviet masters pursued another main occupation.
- Berlin rating
- Touched, guided
- The rule known colloquially as “touched, guided” states that a player must move the stone that he first touched with the intention of moving. See also J'adoube .
- Blind chess
- consult . If one of the players is blind or severely visually impaired, special rules apply to this player. He is allowed to have his own chess board with a set that is easy to feel and to call in an assistant to make moves and operate the chess clock, with whom he is not allowed to
- Blind game
- Blitz chess
- board
- The board or chessboard is the 8 × 8 square playing field, the fields of which are alternately light (officially: white ) and dark (officially: black ). The lower right field is white. The eight (vertical) lines (as seen by the player with the white pieces) are labeled from left to right with the letters a to h, the eight (horizontal) rows from front to back with the numbers 1 to 8.
- Buchholz
- Bullet chess
- Bullet chess is a blitz game (see blitz chess) with a time limit of one minute per party. This form of play is mainly practiced on the Internet.
- Bundesliga
- Germany , Austria and Switzerland . The Bundesliga (officially: Schachbundesliga ) is the top division in chess in
C.
- Caissa
- Goddess of chess. She is a mythological personification of the game of chess
D.
- Dähne Cup
- lady
- Women's Bundesliga
- Queenside
- Queen sacrifice
- Women's chess
- Perpetual chess
- cover
- Demonstration board
- German Correspondence Chess Federation
- German Chess Federation (DSB)
- German Chess Youth (DSJ)
- German rating number (DWZ)
- diagonal
- Double attack
- Double pawn
- Double step
- threat
- DSB
- DSJ
- DWZ
E.
- ECU
- To adjust
- Elo
- Endgame
- en passant
- development
- opening
- Choked Matt
- A checkmate, usually by the knight, in which all escape squares are taken from the king by his own stones.
- Extended center
- Eternal matte
F.
- Fine evaluation
- field
- Correspondence chess
- Bondage
- FIDE
- FIDE master
- FIDE title
- figure
- Figure sacrifice
- Finger fault
- Escape field
- wing
- The two sides of a chess board, each four squares wide. A distinction is made between the kingside (right when viewed from White) and the queenside (left).
- FM
- Passed pawn
- Outdoor chess
G
- fork
- A fork is a double attack of a weaker figure on two more valuable pieces, which leads to material loss or other disadvantages.
- gambit
- gait
- GM
- Grand Master (GM)
- Grandmaster draw
- Basic row
- Basic row matt
- If the king is on the eighth row and he cannot enter the seventh row because of his own pawns, a rook on the eighth row that cannot be captured can give mate, provided that no piece can move between them.
- initial position
H
- Half-open line
- Half move
- Hang
- Hanging game
- Auxiliary mat
- Steering
I.
- ICCF
- Ingo
- IN THE
- International Master (IM)
- Interzonal tournament
- A tournament of the World Chess Federation FIDE , in which the winners of the zone tournaments participate to determine candidates for the world chess championship.
- Isolani
J
- J'adoube
- Touched, Led Phrase to signal that you only want to adjust a piece and not move it with it. See also
K
- lapwing
- king
- Kingside
- combination
- compensation
- Mostly positional advantages that compensate for a material advantage of the partner.
L.
- runner
- line
M.
- team
- Team championship
- material
- Frosted
- The end of a game. One of the kings is attacked and can no longer move without being captured on the next move. The other side then won.
- Middlegame
N
- Trailing
- The player with the black pieces.
- NN
- An unknown player or, in games of strong players, an opponent whose name is not important.
- notation
- See chess notation .
O
- Open line
- A vertical line on the chessboard from the perspective of the players, on which there are no more pawns. The control of an open line is often decisive for the game.
- officer
- Open
- Victim
P
- Lot
- Lot form, lot slip
- A form on which a game of chess can be noted. It usually contains fields for the names of the players, the event and the round.
- Stalemate
- A tie outcome of a game. One of the players can no longer move without placing his king on a threatened square.
- position
- Problem chess
Q
- qualification
- quality
R.
- Edge builders
- rule
- line
- draw
- position three times , the 50- move rule , stalemate , lack of material, theoretical draw position or a mutual decision of both players. A tie result of a game, which can be brought about either by repeating the
- castling
- Special move in which the king and rook are moved at the same time. A distinction is made between large and small castling.
- Retro
- Chess problem that can be solved by a retrograde analysis of the positions.
- Retro analysis
- Retro chess
- Solving special chess problems, the so-called retros.
S.
- chess
- Chess problem
- Chess blindness
- Chess computer
- Chess database
- Chess requirement
- Chess composition
- Checkmate
- Chess problem
- Chess program
- Chess server
- Chess tournament
- Chess clock
- Sham sacrifice
- referee
- Beat
- Entering a space on which an opposing piece is standing. This is then immediately removed from the board. All pieces except the king can be captured. If the king is threatened to such an extent that he can inevitably be captured on the next move, the game is over.
- Key pull
- Rapid chess
- swallow
- black
- Swiss system
- Heavy figure
- second
- Self-matte
- Simultaneous play
- Sonneborn Berger
- Game operation
- skill level
- Jumper
- stone
- position
- Positional repetition
- strategy
- study
T
- tactics
- tempo
- Measure of the number of moves an action takes on the chessboard. The less tempos you need, the better. Loss of tempo through aimless drawing of your own pieces can be decisive for the game.
- theory
- Triple builder
- tower
- Tower sacrifice
- competition
- Tournament rules
U
- conversion
- When a pawn reaches the eighth row, he must be converted into any piece (except king and pawn).
- draw
- Sub-metamorphosis
- The transformation of a pawn into a piece other than the queen.
V
- variant
- Poisoned figure
- Adjust
W.
- White
- World Champion
- World Championship
- World Chess Federation
- value
- Rating
- Rating number
- competition
- Competition leader
- WFM
- WGM
- WIM
X
Y
Z
- Time control
- time pressure
- In a game with a time limit it can happen that one of the two players or both players is running out of time and has little time left on the clock to make the required number of moves.
- Timed out
- center
- extended center usually comprises the 16 fields in the middle. Usually the four squares in the middle of the chessboard. The
- Zone tournament
- A tournament that is only played in a zone of the world association FIDE.
- train
- Train changeover
- Repetition of moves
- zugzwang
- A forced move occurs when one of the two players can only make moves that worsen his position.
- Intermediate chess
- In a settlement a chess is done to improve one's own position. Special case of an intermediate train .
- Intermediate train
- Instead of a move to ward off a threat, there is a move that creates a threat itself, which is often unexpected for the opponent.