Chess glossary

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The chess glossary describes well-known expressions from the game of chess and chess composition in alphabetical order. Not included chess variants , fairy chess figures , openings and their variants, as well as proper names, for example, people.

0-9

0-0
Little castling notation .
0-0-0
Great castling notation .
50-move rule
If no pawn has been moved and no piece has been captured for 50 moves in a row, the game is a draw .

A.

cancellation
Interruption of a game after the cooling-off period has expired or after the planned number of moves have been made. See also hanging part .
Levy train
The given move is the move that is written down face down in hanging games after the end of regular playing time. If the sealed move is not clear or illegible, the player has lost the game.
deflection
The distraction is the steering of a stone from covering a certain field or other task. See also steering .
appraisal
In the case of a game that can no longer be finished, a referee or neutral persons can assess the result, provided this is permitted by the tournament conditions. Estimates are used particularly in correspondence chess .
Playback
A variant when analyzing openings or given positions.
Exchange
An exchange is understood as the mutual hitting of equivalent material.
completion
Processing is a mostly combinatorial exchange sequence or defusing a tense situation.
Deduction
The withdrawal of the front figure of a battery is referred to as a deduction . If a chess bid arises in this way, one speaks of deduction chess.
Trigger chess
See deduction .
Universal transformation
In chess composition, the transformation of one or more pawns into all pieces in the course of different variants.
amateur
See NN
at the train
If it is a player's turn to move, it is his “turn”.
analysis
Analysis is the exploration of a position, mostly from a previous game, in order to examine the possibilities of the position.
More attractive
The player with the white stones is referred to as the more attractive. The black player, on the other hand, is called a trailing player.
suit
See attractive
Tightening advantage
The attracting advantage of opening the lot is called the attracting advantage. It is controversial whether there is an objective advantage, although the white player usually achieves slightly better results than his opponent.
task
Refraining from continuing the game. The game is counted as a defeat for the resigning player.
compensation
The transition from a position that sees one of the two players at an advantage to a balanced position without any benefit to either side, e.g. B. the negation of White's advantage in the course of the opening.

Compensating for an advantage of the opponent with one's own different one. For example, material against developmental lead.

draw
In tournaments, pairings are created according to certain systems. The creation of these pairings is called the draw.

B.

battery
A battery is a formation of two figures of the same color whose rear figure observes the figure in front as a line figure and can attack an opposing figure after this figure has moved away. A battery directed against the king can be capable of double check, i.e. double attack against the king.
Farmer
The pawn is a chess piece that can only move forward. He moves one square, in the basic position two squares straight ahead, and hits one square at an angle. On the opponent's back rank , he must be in another stone of the same color with the exception of King convert . The farmer also masters the en-passant stroke. Its value is a pawn unit .
Peasant unit
A pawn unit is the value of a pawn, on the basis of which the material value of the chess pieces is calibrated. Chess programs usually calculate position estimates in steps of 0.01 pawn units.
Pawn endgame
A pawn endgame is an endgame in which only kings and pawns are left.
Pawn formation
The pawn formation is the formation of the pawns on the chess board. It plays a role especially in strategic decisions.
Peasant chain
A pawn chain is a formation in which several pawns stand diagonally behind one another and thus defend each other. Since the pawn at the back of the chain is not defended by a pawn himself, he is usually considered the weakest link.
Pawn sacrifice
As pawns is called in contrast to the figural , tower or queen sacrifice , the sacrifice of a pawn. Often pawn sacrifices appear as gambits in the opening .
time to think
Thinking time is the time players have to make their moves. Chess clocks are usually used to measure time. Depending on the time modes , a distinction is made between bullet chess , blitz chess , rapid chess and normal time. In remote parts the reflection period is usually up to three days per train, while only a minute is in Bullet Chess per player. Exceeding the reflection period is usually punished with loss of the game.
Consulting party
Advisory games are games in which one or both parties consist of several players who are allowed to help each other. This form of play was popular in the past, but is rarely found today. Theo Schuster said that consultation games, each with a master, would be particularly interesting for viewers if the masters shared their thoughts. Lapwings were obliged to be neutral.
Professional chess
Chess is an interesting profession because of the high cash prices, but according to Theo Schuster, only the world's elite can actually make a living by playing chess, while many Soviet masters pursued another main occupation.
Berlin rating
 
Touched, guided
The rule known colloquially as “touched, guided” states that a player must move the stone that he first touched with the intention of moving. See also J'adoube .
Blind chess
If one of the players is blind or severely visually impaired, special rules apply to this player. He is allowed to have his own chess board with a set that is easy to feel and to call in an assistant to make moves and operate the chess clock, with whom he is not allowed to consult .
Blind game
 
Blitz chess
 
board
The board or chessboard is the 8 × 8 square playing field, the fields of which are alternately light (officially: white ) and dark (officially: black ). The lower right field is white. The eight (vertical) lines (as seen by the player with the white pieces) are labeled from left to right with the letters a to h, the eight (horizontal) rows from front to back with the numbers 1 to 8.
Buchholz
 
Bullet chess
Bullet chess is a blitz game (see blitz chess) with a time limit of one minute per party. This form of play is mainly practiced on the Internet.
Bundesliga
The Bundesliga (officially: Schachbundesliga ) is the top division in chess in Germany , Austria and Switzerland .

C.

Caissa
Goddess of chess. She is a mythological personification of the game of chess

D.

Dähne Cup
 
lady
 
Women's Bundesliga
 
Queenside
 
Queen sacrifice
 
Women's chess
 
Perpetual chess
 
cover
 
Demonstration board
 
German Correspondence Chess Federation
 
German Chess Federation (DSB)
 
German Chess Youth (DSJ)
 
German rating number (DWZ)
 
diagonal
 
Double attack
 
Double pawn
 
Double step
 
threat
 
DSB
 
DSJ
 
DWZ
 

E.

ECU
 
To adjust
 
Elo
 
Endgame
 
en passant
 
development
 
opening
 
Choked Matt
A checkmate, usually by the knight, in which all escape squares are taken from the king by his own stones.
Extended center
 
Eternal matte
 

F.

Fine evaluation
 
field
 
Correspondence chess
 
Bondage
 
FIDE
 
FIDE master
 
FIDE title
 
figure
 
Figure sacrifice
 
Finger fault
 
Escape field
 
wing
The two sides of a chess board, each four squares wide. A distinction is made between the kingside (right when viewed from White) and the queenside (left).
FM
 
Passed pawn
 
Outdoor chess
 

G

fork
A fork is a double attack of a weaker figure on two more valuable pieces, which leads to material loss or other disadvantages.
gambit
 
gait
 
GM
 
Grand Master (GM)
 
Grandmaster draw
 
Basic row
 
Basic row matt
If the king is on the eighth row and he cannot enter the seventh row because of his own pawns, a rook on the eighth row that cannot be captured can give mate, provided that no piece can move between them.
initial position
 

H

Half-open line
 
Half move
 
Hang
 
Hanging game
 
Auxiliary mat
 
Steering
 

I.

ICCF
 
Ingo
 
IN THE
 
International Master (IM)
 
Interzonal tournament
A tournament of the World Chess Federation FIDE , in which the winners of the zone tournaments participate to determine candidates for the world chess championship.
Isolani
 

J

J'adoube
Phrase to signal that you only want to adjust a piece and not move it with it. See also Touched, Led

K

lapwing
 
king
 
Kingside
 
combination
 
compensation
Mostly positional advantages that compensate for a material advantage of the partner.

L.

runner
 
line
 

M.

team
 
Team championship
 
material
 
Frosted
The end of a game. One of the kings is attacked and can no longer move without being captured on the next move. The other side then won.
Middlegame
 

N

Trailing
The player with the black pieces.
NN
An unknown player or, in games of strong players, an opponent whose name is not important.
notation
See chess notation .

O

Open line
A vertical line on the chessboard from the perspective of the players, on which there are no more pawns. The control of an open line is often decisive for the game.
officer
 
Open
 
Victim
 

P

Lot
 
Lot form, lot slip
A form on which a game of chess can be noted. It usually contains fields for the names of the players, the event and the round.
Stalemate
A tie outcome of a game. One of the players can no longer move without placing his king on a threatened square.
position
 
Problem chess
 

Q

qualification
 
quality
 

R.

Edge builders
 
rule
 
line
 
draw
A tie result of a game, which can be brought about either by repeating the position three times , the 50- move rule , stalemate , lack of material, theoretical draw position or a mutual decision of both players.
castling
Special move in which the king and rook are moved at the same time. A distinction is made between large and small castling.
Retro
Chess problem that can be solved by a retrograde analysis of the positions.
Retro analysis
Retro chess
Solving special chess problems, the so-called retros.

S.

chess
 
Chess problem
Chess blindness
 
Chess computer
 
Chess database
 
Chess requirement
Chess composition
Checkmate
 
Chess problem
Chess program
Chess server
 
Chess tournament
 
Chess clock
 
Sham sacrifice
 
referee
 
Beat
Entering a space on which an opposing piece is standing. This is then immediately removed from the board. All pieces except the king can be captured. If the king is threatened to such an extent that he can inevitably be captured on the next move, the game is over.
Key pull
 
Rapid chess
 
swallow
 
black
 
Swiss system
 
Heavy figure
 
second
 
Self-matte
 
Simultaneous play
 
Sonneborn Berger
 
Game operation
 
skill level
 
Jumper
 
stone
 
position
 
Positional repetition
 
strategy
 
study
 

T

tactics
 
tempo
Measure of the number of moves an action takes on the chessboard. The less tempos you need, the better. Loss of tempo through aimless drawing of your own pieces can be decisive for the game.
theory
 
Triple builder
 
tower
 
Tower sacrifice
 
competition
 
Tournament rules
 

U

conversion
When a pawn reaches the eighth row, he must be converted into any piece (except king and pawn).
draw
 
Sub-metamorphosis
The transformation of a pawn into a piece other than the queen.

V

variant
 
Poisoned figure
 
Adjust
 

W.

White
 
World Champion
 
World Championship
 
World Chess Federation
 
value
 
Rating
 
Rating number
 
competition
 
Competition leader
 
WFM
 
WGM
 
WIM
 

X

Y

Z

Time control
 
time pressure
In a game with a time limit it can happen that one of the two players or both players is running out of time and has little time left on the clock to make the required number of moves.
Timed out
center
Usually the four squares in the middle of the chessboard. The extended center usually comprises the 16 fields in the middle.
Zone tournament
A tournament that is only played in a zone of the world association FIDE.
train
 
Train changeover
 
Repetition of moves
 
zugzwang
A forced move occurs when one of the two players can only make moves that worsen his position.
Intermediate chess
In a settlement a chess is done to improve one's own position. Special case of an intermediate train .
Intermediate train
Instead of a move to ward off a threat, there is a move that creates a threat itself, which is often unexpected for the opponent.