Sheep and goat brucellosis
The ovine and caprine is a venereal disease of sheep and goats that the bacterium Brucella melitensis from the genus Brucella is caused.
Epidemiology
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| A23.0 | Brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Sheep and goat are the main hosts , while cattle , pigs , dogs and humans are the secondary hosts . There are biovars 1–3. Among all Brucella species, B. melitensis has the highest virulence for humans ( Malta fever ).
The disease is widespread in the Mediterranean region and the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa , Asia and America .
Etiology and pathogenesis
The infection usually occurs via mating or orally . Infections through the skin are also suspected. Many Brucella are found in infected afterbirths and abortions in particular . They are also excreted through milk , urine , feces and nasal secretions .
clinic
The bacteremic phase of brucellosis is clinically normal apart from a slight increase in temperature, which often goes unnoticed. In the second half of pregnancy come Verlammungen before, often with a placenta associated. Furthermore, tendinitis , bursitis and joint inflammation occur. Inflammation of the udder often goes unnoticed, but results in pathogen excretion. Infected bucks develop testicular inflammation and epididymitis . After the abortion of a floodplain / goat, both further admission and sterility are possible. Sheep and goat brucellosis is epidemic in one herd. The prognosis for the individual animal is favorable, but the epidemic population diseases cause very high losses and represent a high health risk for humans.
diagnosis
The pathogens can be detected in blood , milk and semen using serology . They can also be grown from fruits , egg skins, and milk and sperm. Intracutaneous brucellin tests are very rarely used.
Animal disease control
Brucellosis is a notifiable animal disease and a very dangerous zoonosis . The implementation of serological tests is regulated in EU law . Control is regulated in the Ordinance on Protection against Brucellosis in Cattle, Pigs, Sheep and Goats (December 20, 2005). Treatments and vaccinations are prohibited in Germany. Vaccination programs are increasingly being carried out in endemic countries.
literature
- Michael Rolle, Anton Mayr : Medical microbiology, infection and disease theory. 8th, revised edition. Enke, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-1060-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alphabetical directory for the ICD-10-WHO version 2019, volume 3. German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI), Cologne, 2019, p. 139
