Sharp brown blubber

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Sharp brown blubber
Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Sharp brown blubber
Scientific name
Russula adulterina
Secr.

The sharp brown-deaf ( Russula adulterina ; Syn .: Russula piceetorum ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . The brown-capped and sharp-tasting deafness with the yolk yellow spore powder resembles both the brown leather deafness and the insidious deafness . The quite rare mycorrhizal fungus can be found in calcareous mountain conifer forests under fir and spruce trees. The species is not undisputed among experts in the deafblings, since the deafblings can only be differentiated with difficulty from similar species and it is also interpreted differently by different authors.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is (7) 8–10 (–12) wide, at first arched, later spread out and colored similar to the brown leather bling. The color palette ranges from ocher to (reddish) brown. The middle is usually lighter and can also be more or less ocher or greenish in color. The edge is smooth for a long time and only furrowed in old age. The hat skin is very greasy and swollen in damp weather and can be peeled off about halfway.

The 7–12 mm high slats are slightly removed. They are blunt and more or less attached to the stem. The young lamellae are creamy white and later turn ocher yellow. The spore powder is yolk yellow (IVe according to Romagnesi).

The shiny, white and never red stalk is 5–10 (–12) cm long and 2–3 cm thick. It is relatively firm and full when young, but soon becomes spongy to hollow. With age, the stem also turns yellow-gray or slightly brownish.

The meat is cloudy white or brownish gray in color and tastes increasingly hot, although not quite as hot as the insidious Täubling. The smell is slightly fruity or completely absent, but the deaf never smells of cedarwood. The guaiac reaction is very pronounced.

Microscopic features

The rather heterogeneous spores are (7.5) 8–11 (–15) ​​µm long and 7–9.2 (–11.5) µm wide and have strong, isolated, 1.5 (–2) µm long spines occupied. The numerous pleurocystids are pointed or conical at the top and protrude noticeably far from the tissue association. They measure 100–130 × 10–15 (–18) µm and can be stained to different degrees with sulfovanillin. The basidia each carry four sterigms and are 52–60 µm long and 13.2–16.5 µm wide.

The Pileocystiden are 5.6–11.5 µm wide, mostly 1–2-fold septate and sometimes have a shorter end cell. Your sulfovanillin response is variable or weak. The hyphal end cells narrowed, about 2.5–3.5 µm wide and partially branched.

Species delimitation

  • The brown leather puff ( Russula integra ) looks very similar macroscopically, but can be easily identified with a taste test.
  • The insidious deafening ( Russula badia ) is also similar . Its handle or the lamellar blades are often reddish. At first it tastes mild and only after about a minute is it burning hot. It also smells of cedar wood.
  • It is very difficult to tell the difference between the sharp glossy deafblings ( Russula firmula ). It also occurs in mountain conifer forests but is usually a bit smaller. His hat is rarely more than 7 cm wide. Its equally heterogeneous spores are at least statistically somewhat smaller.
  • Another similar species is the green yolk-blubber ( Russula urens ), which today is mostly only regarded as a variety of the purple-brown yolk-blotch . It has a clearly grooved brim from the beginning and is normally found under deciduous trees. Its hyphal end cells are more or less protruding or nodular.
  • The last species to be mentioned is the giant spore deafbling ( Russula gigasperma ), which occurs in deciduous forests and smells of cedar wood. Here, too, the edge of the hat is grooved or grooved from the start.

ecology

The sharp brown-deaf, like all deaflings, is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a symbiotic partnership with spruce but also with fir .

The Täubling can be found in species-rich mixed mountain forests, such as European beech-spruce-fir or bedstraw-fir forests and the corresponding spruce forests, but also in woodruff red beech forests with interspersed spruce and fir trees. The soil should be lime-rich and neutral to alkaline, but poor in nutrients and fresh to ooze-damp.

The fruiting bodies appear from the end of July to mid-October in the mountainous and higher hill country.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the Sharp Brown-Täubling.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Scharfe Braun-Täubling is a rare, predominantly European species. There are also records from the USA. As a typical species of mountain coniferous forests, the deafbling is extremely rare in the Benelux countries; in the Netherlands, the species has not been detected since 1990. From Great Britain there is proof from Northern Ireland. In Poland it has been found several times as Russula piceetorum , there is evidence of a find, for example, from the Holy Cross Mountains .

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The Sharp Brown-Täubling is placed by Bon in the Cupreinae subsection ( Urentinae to Romagnesi). It is a subsection within the Insidiosinae section (Subgenus Insidiosula ). It usually contains small to medium-sized, more or less pungent-tasting pigeons. The hats are very variable in color and usually clearly grooved on the edge. The spore powder is colored intensely yellow. According to r-DNA analyzes, the species is closely related to the purple-brown yolk-deafening.

    Subspecies and varieties

    • Russula adult erina var. Frondosae J. Blum 1953

    meaning

    Like all pungent-tasting pigeons, the species is inedible.

    literature

    • Russula adulterina. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed July 23, 2011 .
    • Henri Romagnesi: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 837 f . (French, online ).
    • J. Schäffer: Russula adulterina . Russula monograph. In: Annales Mycologici . tape 31 , 1933, pp. 494 ( online ).

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Russula adulterina - Names Record. In: Index Fungorum / indexfungorum.org. Retrieved September 6, 2011 .
    2. ^ Synonyms of Russula adulterina. In: MycoBank / mycobank.org. Retrieved September 6, 2011 .
    3. ↑ a b c Russula adulterina. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 38 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved on July 23, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    4. ↑ Russula adulterina. (PDF) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 162 , accessed July 23, 2011 (Spanish).
    5. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 578.
    6. ↑ Rapp places ring system for vekster: Russula adult erina. (No longer available online.) In: artsobservasjoner.no. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012 ; accessed on August 31, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artsobservasjoner.no
    7. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 289 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    8. ↑ a b Russula adulterina. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
    9. ↑ Elias Polemis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5 . Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon . tape 115 , 2008, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 16 ff . ( Online (PDF; 330 kB)).
    10. ↑ Grid map of Russula adulterina. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on August 31, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / data.nbn.org.uk  
    11. ↑ Russula adulterina. Pilzoek database, accessed December 13, 2011 .
    12. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula adulterina. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved August 31, 2012 .
    13. ↑ Russula urens. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
    14. ↑ J. Łuszczyński: Diversity of Basidiomycetes in various ecosystems of the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. In: Monographiae Botanicae . tape 97 , 2015, p. 1-220 ( online ).

    Web links

    • R. Singer: Four interesting European Russulae of subsections Sardoninae and Urentinae, sect. Russula . In: Sydowia . tape 16 , 1963, pp. 294 ff . ( online [PDF] original description by Russula piceetorum ).