Giant spore deaf

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Giant spore deaf
Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Giant spore deaf
Scientific name
Russula gigasperma
Romagn.

The Giant Spore Täubling or Large Spore Täubling ( Russula gigasperma ) is a leaf fungus from the family of the Täubling relatives (Russulaceae). The medium-sized mushroom, which is reminiscent of the purple-brown yolk-blotch , has a very variable colored, often purple-colored hat, a white stem and, when old, the yolk- yellow spore powder turns orange-ocher colored lamellae. Its meat tastes hot. Typical and eponymous are the large, isolated, coarse-spined spores. The rare Täubling grows in the deciduous forest on fresh to moist, more or less basic soils. The fruiting bodies of the inedible mycorrhizal fungus appear in summer and autumn in red beeches, oaks and hornbeams.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 4–8 (9) cm wide, hemispherical when young, later arched to flattened and depressed in the middle. The surface is smooth to slightly wrinkled radially. When dry it is matt or has a silky sheen, when it is wet it is smeary and shiny. The hat is very variable in color. The color spectrum ranges from violet brown to wine brown to purple red, also ocher yellow and olive tones occur. It can also be more pale yellow in color with rust-colored spots and often looks a bit dirty. The edge of the hat is grooved smooth to weak (about 5 mm wide). The hat skin protrudes up to 7 mm beyond the lamellae and can be peeled off up to half or even two thirds.

The lamellae are whitish when young, later increasingly orange-ocher. They are narrowly attached to the stem, not forked or only sparsely forked, not mixed in with intermediate lamellae and, overall, very evenly formed. The lamellae are thick and brittle and their edges are smooth. The spore powder is yolk-colored ( IVd – IVe according to Romagnesi ).

The more or less cylindrical stalk is white, full-fleshed and firm when young, and sometimes pithy and hollow with age. It reaches a length of 4–8 cm and a thickness of 1–2 cm. The surface is almost smooth and frosted when young, later longitudinally veined. The stem turns yellow or browns on pressure, especially towards the base.

The white, sharp-tasting, firm meat smells like fruit and sometimes a bit of cedar wood. With iron sulphate the meat of the hat turns a dirty light pink and with guaiac it turns light green.

Microscopic features

The almost round to broadly ellipsoidal, coarse-pricked spores measure 9.0–13.4 × 7.8–11.7 µm. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.2. The isolated, strong and prickly warts are up to 1.8 µm high. The Apiculus is relatively short and measures 1.75-2 × 1.75 microns, while the irregular, warty and strong amyloid Hilarfleck about 3.5 to 4.25 microns measures.

The four-pore, club-shaped basidia are 35–60 µm long and 13-18 µm wide. In addition, there are numerous hymenial cystides that can be easily stained with sulfobenzaldehyde reagents . The more or less spindle-shaped cheilocystidia measure 60–110 × 8–14 µm. They have a protuberance or a small appendage at their tip. The similarly shaped pleurocystids are 65–115 µm long and 15–17 µm wide.

The top layer of the hat consists of cylindrical, 3–4 µm wide, more or less septate hairs that are slightly thickened or tapered at their upper end. Sometimes they can have lateral bulges (diverticula). In addition, one can find cylindrical to clubbed, single to multiple septate Pileocystiden , which are 3–10 µm wide and turn gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde.

Species delimitation

The purple-brown yolk-deafening ( Russula cuprea ) and the wine-red yolk- deafling ( Russula decipiens ) are two pungent-tasting yolk spores that can form very similar fruiting bodies and grow in comparable locations. In nature, they can hardly be distinguished from each other; a clear identification is only possible with the microscope. The giant spore pigeon immediately stands out due to its significantly larger spores. In addition, the purple-brown yolk bling is said to have a less noticeable odor and more septate dermatocystids .

ecology

The giant sporting bling can be found in warmer oak, hornbeam and red beech forests of the planar to colline altitude , where it prefers fresh to moist soils that are adequately supplied with bases. The mycorrhizal fungus , which usually grows socially, is usually associated with beech, oak or hornbeam. It likes warm locations and its fruiting bodies appear in summer and autumn.

distribution

The giant sport club is common in Western and Central Europe. It is proven in France, Germany, Austria. and in Switzerland, as well as in Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark) Apparently it is rare everywhere and only occurs locally a little more frequently. There are only a few, widely scattered finds in Germany: Saarland, Baden, southern Bavaria and northern Hesse.

meaning

The giant sporting bling is considered inedible due to its sharp taste.

literature

  • H. Romagnesi: Russula gigasperma. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed May 15, 2011 (French).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 180.
  2. ^ Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 , p. 102.
  3. ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed on August 6, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula gigasperma. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 6, 2015 .