Ship finds from Woerden

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Course of the Rhine around the Laurium fort in Roman times. Stone slab in the paving of the Kerkplein in Woerden
Presentation and brief description of the Woerden 7 . Stone slab in the paving of the Kerkplein in Woerden

The Woerden ship finds are a number of shipwrecks from Roman times that were found during construction work and archaeological research in Woerden , a town and municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht . In ancient times there was Laurium or Laurum , a cohort fort of the Lower Germanic Limes together with its vicus (civil settlement). In addition to the ship finds from De Meern and ship finds from Zwammerdam , Woerden is one of the most important sites where Roman ships were found in northwestern Europe , not least because the permanently moist soils in this part of the Netherlands, which are below sea level, have preserved the wood very well.

topography

In the western part of today's inner city, quays were found along the likely Roman-era banks of the Rhine, which could be explored mainly north and west of the medieval St. Peter's Church. These spots are located in an area where the Linschoten and the Old Rhine once converged. It is believed that a path along the Linschoten and through the moor met the Limes road here.

Woerden 1 to 8

Woerden 1

Laurium (Woerden) .svg

The Woerden 1 was found in 1978 at Groenendaal, a main street in the center Woerdens, about four feet below today's overflow level in strong difficulties. The ship was probably 25 m long, of which around ten meters of the forecastle section and the approach to the central nave could be archaeologically examined. Its width was 3.65 m. The forecastle and central nave could be separated from each other by the possibility of inserting a transverse element. Woerden 1 was a flat-bottomed ship of the type of Frahms and served as evidenced by the found therein and palaeobotanical certain cereals from South Belgium as a grain truck. Calculations showed a possible maximum load capacity of 50 to 70 tons with a filling height of 70 centimeters. A brick stove was used to feed the team, and a three-sided wooden crate with a stand construction provided a certain protection from the weather. Dendrochronologically , the felling date of the oak beams from which Woerden 1 was made was dated to the year 169 AD. The finding was partially disturbed by a late Roman bank fortification in the third and fourth centuries.

Woerden 2/6

The finds, initially referred to as separate shipwrecks Woerden 2 and Woerden 6 , were, as it turned out later, one and the same ship.

The Woerden 2 finding was cut during dredging work in 1988 and partially destroyed. Also, no systematic, scientific documentation was carried out on site, only superficial descriptions from the time of the discovery are available. The finding is said to have been exposed over a length of about 14 meters and to have included a hull 3.1 m wide and 1.2 m high. A [!] Photo and a note indicate that it was a heavy-duty frame type ship. However, there are no indications of a possible dating.

The Woerden 6 was discovered 1998th This find was the one meter long end piece (presumably the stern) of a pram from the third century that was damaged by sheet pile walls. The section was salvaged and given to the Nederlands Instituut voor Scheeps- en onderwater Archeologie (NISA) in Lelystad for conservation . Due to the appearance and technical aspects of the very massive hull, a comparison with the bow construction of Woerden 2 was necessary .

Eventually it could be proven that it was actually one and the same wreck. The rest of the ship should still be in the ground undisturbed.

Woerden 3

Woerden 3 was found in 1988 and, like Woerden 2, only inadequately documented. Woerden 3 is a dugout canoe that was extended by an attached top shelf. The width of the fuselage was 1.2 m on the ship's side and 0.6 m on the ground, and the height was a little less than 0.5 m. Due to the identical ship find Zwammerdam 3 and the relative mast position, the total length was estimated at around 11 m. Findings made it possible to roughly date the dugout canoe to the first or early second century.

Woerden 4

The Woerden 4 is only known from written records of the 16th and 19th centuries. The Leiden archaeologist Caspar Reuvens suspected that the find could be dated to Roman times.

Woerden 5

Woerden 5 was observed in the Oranjestraat in 1988. The find, which was already in the past, could be identified as a Roman dugout canoe.

Woerden 7

Restored aft ship of Woerden 7 in the underground car park under the church square
Restored aft ship of Woerden 7 in the underground car park under the church square

The Woerden 7 , as part of the beginning in 2002, during construction investigations during construction of a parking garage under the Nieuwe Markt in urban area Hoochwoert immediately to the west, the Petruskerk discovered. It was a flat-bottomed cargo ship, more specifically a prahm, and was probably used to transport natural and bricks from the area around Mayen and Koblenz for the construction of stone buildings in the stone-poor Netherlands. For this, the finds would speak of corresponding stones inside the ship's hull. Their maximum width was 4.70 m, the board height was 1.25 m. The remaining length was 25.40 m and could be interpolated to an original total length of 29.70 m. Of these, 20.70 m were in front of and 8.90 m behind the mast. The 43 remaining frames were between 20 cm and 30 cm wide and on average 15 cm thick. Archaeobotanical and dendrochronological investigations showed that Woerden 7 was made from Dutch and Central German oak, the trunks of which had been felled between September 163 and April 164 and processed "green" (fresh). The Woerden 7 decreased in the last quarter of the second century.

Woerden 8

Within the findings of Woerden 7 there was a single frame that did not belong to this ship and was therefore named as the new wreckage Woerden 8 .

See also

literature

  • Edwin Blom, Tom Hazenberg and Wouter K. Vos: Het geroeide Nederlandse vrachtschip de 'Woerden 7'. Onderzoeksresultaten van de opgraving van een Romeinse platbodem aan de Nieuwe Markt in Woerden (Hoochwoert) . Westerheem 55 (2006), pp. 141-154.
  • Edwin Blom and Wouter K. Vos (eds.): Woerden-Hoochwoert. The opgravingen 2002-2004 in het Romeinse Castellum Laurium, de vicus en van het schip de 'Woerden 7' . ADC Rapport 910, ADC ArcheoProjecten, Amersfoort and Hazenberg Archeologie, Leiden, 2008, ISBN 978-90-5874-955-0 .
  • Ronald Bockius: On the reconstruction of the Roman flat-bottomed ship from Woerden . Yearbook of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum Mainz 43, 1996, pp. 511-530.
  • Will Brouwers, Esther Jansma and Martijn Manders: Romeinse scheepsresten in Nederland . Archeobrief 2013-4, pp. 13-27.
  • Jan Kees Haalebos : Excavations in Woerden (1975–1982) . In: Studies on the military borders of Rome III. 13th International Limes Congress, Aalen 1983 . Research and reports on prehistory and early history in Baden-Württemberg 20, 1986, pp. 169–174.
  • Jan Kees Haalebos: Een Romeins schip te Woerden . In HR Reinders (ed.): Raakvlakken tussen Scheeparcheologie, Maritieme Geschiedenis en Scheepsbouwkunde . Lelystad, 1987, pp. 25-28.
  • Jan Kees Haalebos, Carol van Driel-Murray and Mechtild Neyses: A Roman grain ship in Woerden (NL) . Yearbook of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz 43, 1996, pp. 475–509.
  • Jan Kees Haalebos: The Roman ship from Woerden (Zuid-Holland, Netherlands) . DEGUWA-Rundbrief, 11, 1996, pp. 9-13.
  • Jan Kees Haalebos: Een romeins graanschip in Woerden . In Jaarboek Oud-Utrecht , 1997, ISSN  0923-7046 , pp. 67-96.
  • Wouter K. Vos, Edwin Blom and Tom Hazenberg: Romeinen in Woerden. Het archeologische onderzoek naar de militaire bezetting en de scheepvaart van Laurium . Hazenberg Archeologie, Leiden 2010, ISBN 978-90-808534-8-5 .
  • Wouter K. Vos, Tom Hazenberg and Jaap Morel: The Woerden 7 . In: Archäologisches Korrezpondenzblatt , 2011, ISSN  0342-734X , pp. 101–118.

Web links

Commons : Ship finds from Woerden  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • European Commission Directorate General X: The NAVIS I project , via .rgzm.de, the official website of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz and the Leibniz Research Institute for Archeology, accessed on June 27, 2017.
  • Woerden 7 on the official website of Hazenberg Archeologie, Leiden, a private excavation company (Dutch), accessed on June 27, 2017.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Will Brouwers, Esther Jansma and Martijn Manders: Romeinse scheepsresten in Nederland . Archeobrief 2013-4, p. 21f.
  2. ↑ Jan Kees Haalebos: The Roman ship of Woerden (Zuid-Holland, Netherlands) . DEGUWA-Rundbrief, 11, 1996, p. 9.
  3. ↑ a b c European Commission Directorate General X: The NAVIS I project , via .rgzm.de, the official website of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz and the Leibniz Research Institute for Archeology, accessed on June 28, 2017.
  4. ↑ Jan Kees Haalebos: Een romeins graanschip in Woerden . In Jaarboek Oud-Utrecht , 1997, ISSN  0923-7046 , pp. 67-96.
  5. ^ Wouter K. Vos, Tom Hazenberg and Jaap Morel: The Woerden 7 . In: Archäologisches Korrezpondenzblatt , 2011, ISSN  0342-734X , pp. 101–118.
  6. ^ A b Edwin Blom, Tom Hazenberg and Wouter K. Vos: Het geroeide Nederlandse vrachtschip de 'Woerden 7'. Onderzoeksresultaten van de opgraving van een Romeinse platbodem aan de Nieuwe Markt in Woerden (Hoochwoert). Westerheem 55 (2006), pp. 141-154.
  7. ↑ a b Edwin Blom and Wouter K. Vos (eds.): Woerden-Hoochwoert. The opgravingen 2002-2004 in het Romeinse Castellum Laurium, de vicus en van het schip de 'Woerden 7' . ADC Rapport 910, ADC ArcheoProjecten, Amersfoort and Hazenberg Archeologie, Leiden, 2008, ISBN 978-90-5874-955-0 .
  8. ^ A b Wouter K. Vos, Tom Hazenberg and Jaap Morel: The Woerden 7 . In: Archäologisches Korrezpondenzblatt , 2011, ISSN  0342-734X , pp. 101–118.