Prahm (ship type)

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Prahm on slip trolley (2006)
Drawing of a 17th century board by Nicolaes Witsen
WSV -work ship Fulda with traffic safety prahm on the Fulda (2020)

Pram ( Middle High German pram ., <Tschech PRAM = vehicle, lett. Prāmis = Ferry; plural: barges or barges ) originally referred to a flat ferry (barge ferry) to translate humans, livestock and wagons. It was one of the smallest ships that carried goods. In contrast to the usual bulbous transport ships , it had a slimmer hull shape and resembled the narrow ships of the Vikings . The Prahme mostly specialized in the trading goods wood and salt.

In construction , the Prahm is a large, flat, elongated square water vehicle for carrying out construction work in the water, such as dredging, driving in and pulling out piles, whereby a simple or a coupled Prahm is the necessary equipment, such as dredging machines, ramming and basic saws, as well as the workers records. In contrast to barges and barges , boats have no hold, the cargo is stowed on deck. Heavy transport frames are also equipped with ballast systems in order to be able to compensate for the load conditions during loading and unloading.

In sailing regattas , the term Startprahm is also used . This is also a flat, floating platform (if not, it is called a launch ship). The start pram anchors at the start or finish and usually serves as a boundary for the start or finish line. The race committee gives the flag signals for the start of the regatta or registers the finish line from the start.

history

Pram-like ships were probably first created by inserting wider bottoms into dugout canoes that were separated along the length; a measure that pursued objectives comparable to those of the use of curbs . An early example of a Prahm is the Gallo-Roman find of Bevaix in Switzerland , today in the Laténium , the Champréveyres museum on Lake Neuchâtel . Finds at about the same time as the Ljubljana Prahm and the Comacchio wreck . Another example of a prahm used in river navigation was found in Krefeld and is over 16 meters long. It dates from the early Middle Ages and is dated to the Carolingian period in the 8th to 9th centuries.

Prehems also served in large numbers as fixed supports for loading bridges in pre-industrial ports (see also pontoon ), which only rose and fell with the water level , which were only secured by quay walls with the industrialization of shipping freight traffic that began in the middle of the 19th century . In Lübeck , for example , until the major port expansion under Peter Rehder, all the landing stages for inland and seagoing vessels were almost exclusively platform bridges, which were laid on the course of the Trave , which was otherwise only fortified by piles and planks . The loading and unloading of the ships was done by hand over the bridges by the guild of porters. Only the use of cranes and the construction of the port railways at the end of the 19th century required, in addition to ever larger ships of the steam age, strong bank fortifications made of stable quay walls that were founded on oak piles driven deep into the ground.

See also

literature

  • Holger Patzer: The river and port shipping of the DDG Hansa . HM Hauschild, Bremen 2009, ISBN 3-89757-140-4 .
  • Arnold Kludas , Harry Braun: Ewerführer . An illustrated history of the Ewerführer on Hamburg's waterways. 2nd Edition. The Hanse - Sabine Groenewald Verlage, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-434-52602-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Spessart Museum (ed.): Man and Forest - Leaflets for visitors . Spessart Museum , Lohr am Main (1994).
  2. ^ Béat Arnold: The gallo-roman boat of Bevaix and the bottombased construction. In: Reinder Reinders u. a. (Ed.): Carvel Construction Technique. Fifth International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archeology, Amsterdam 1988. Oxbow Books, Oxford 1991, ISBN 0-946897-34-4 , pp. 19-23 ( Oxbow Monograph 12).