Ship finds from De Meern

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The ship finds from De Meern are the archaeological relics of a total of six Roman shipwrecks of various sizes and functions. They were found near the ancient auxiliary fort Op de Hoge Woerd on the Lower Germanic Limes in the area of ​​today's Vleuten-De Meern , a Wijk (district) of the municipality of Utrecht in the Dutch province of Utrecht . Vleuten-De Meern, making it next to the ship finds of Woerden and those of Nigrum Pullum ( Zwammerdam ) one of the most important archaeological sites of Roman ships in northwestern Europe , not least because in this part of the Netherlands under the sea nearby, permanently moist soil, the wood very well have preserved. The six wrecks , the remains of which were recovered in the de Meern area, are numbered consecutively in the specialist literature from “De Meern 1” to “De Meern 6”.

De Meern 1 to 6

Model of De Meern 1.
Replica of De Meern 1 in Woerden
  • De Meern 1 was discovered in 1997, recovered in 2003 and then preserved by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (Reich Service for the Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science) in its branch in Lelystad . The ship is a pram made of Dutch oak , the felling date of which could be dendrochronologically dated to the year 148 AD ± 6. De Meern 1 was repaired at least twice in the second half of the second century (felling dates 157 and 164) and was probably in use for 50 to 60 years, which is supported by the findings of leather sandals that were cut like the ones in 190-200 was common. The ship was around 25 meters long and a good two and a half meters wide. A captain's cabin was available as a deck superstructure, in which a tool box and personal belongings of the skipper were located during the investigations. In addition to the findings , the findings also indicated that the prahm was left in great haste and sank quickly, possibly during an unsuccessful mooring maneuver. The Prahm De Meern 1 served as a model for the ship replica Per Mare ad Laurium. The original ship is now exhibited in the “Castellum Hoge Woerd” museum.
  • De Meern 4 was discovered in 2003, one week after the recovery of De Meern 1 and only 150 m east of it. In 2005 the scientific investigations took place on an exposed part of the ship. It is a pram made from Dutch oak, the date of which was felled to the year 85 AD ± 5. This makes De Meern 4 the oldest Roman cargo ship ever found in northwest Europe. The individual planks were connected with wooden dowels and tenons . The maximum perceived width of the ship was 4.75 m. With a postulated width-to-length ratio of 1: 7, the assumed length was estimated at just under 30 m to a maximum of just under 35 m. De Meern 4 points in the design features to both Mediterranean and local shipbuilding traditions and is likely to represent a unique hybrid of both. After the investigations, De Meern 4 was left in situ in the ground for reasons of monument protection .
  • De Meern 6 was found in 2008. It is a ship shape similar to the Dutch punter with a very shallow draft. The maximum width and length measurements were 1.05 m by 9.00 m, the draft should not have exceeded 10 cm. In contrast to the construction method for De Meern 1 and De Meern, 4 nails were used to connect the frames to the planking . The boat has an Italian shipbuilding tradition and may date from the third century. De Meern 6 served as a model for the Fiducia ship replica.

The finds for De Meern 2 and De Meern 3 are fragments of dugout canoes from the second century. De Meern 5 was discovered a few decades ago, but the location can no longer be localized.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : De Meern 1  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Will Brouwers, Esther Jansma and Martijn Manders: Romeinse scheepsresten in Nederland. Archeobrief 2013-4, p. 21f.
  2. ↑ De Meern 1: 52 ° 4 '51.5 "  N , 5 ° 1' 12.4"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 4 '51.5 "  N , 5 ° 1' 12.4"  E
  3. ↑ Aukjen Nauta: Dateren met behulp van jaarringpatronen. Het vergaan van het Romeinse schip 'De Meern 1' . In: Gea 1 (2008), pp. 19-22.
  4. ^ Esther Jansma, Jaap-MAW Morel: Een Romeinse Rijnaak, evonden in Utrecht-De Meern. Results from het onderzoek noor de platbodem 'De Meern l' . In: Rapportage Archeologische Monumentenzorg 144 (2007), pp. 283–296.
  5. ↑ Per Mare ad Laurium. De first varende reconstructie van een Romeins vrachtschip. Website of the Romeins Schip Woerden Foundation, accessed on January 20, 2015.
  6. ↑ De Meern 4: 52 ° 4 ′ 50.2 ″  N , 5 ° 1 ′ 22.7 ″  E
  7. ↑ Erik P. Graafstal: Het schip De Meern 4 . In: Maurice CM Langeveld, Annemarie Luksen-IJtsma, Erik P. Graafstal: Wegens Wateroverlast. LR 39 De Balije II: wachttorens, rivierdynamiek en Romeinse infrastructuur in a rivierbocht van de Heldammer Stroom. Basic report on Archeology 11. Cultuurhistorie gemeente Utrecht, Utrecht 2010, ISBN 978-90-73448-30-8 , pp. 103-115.
  8. Jump up ↑ F. Dallmeijer, RM van Heeringen, DJ Huisman, Esther Jansma, K. Linthout, Jaap-MAW Morel, A. Smit: Het schip uit de Romeinse tijd De Meern 4 nabij boerderij de Balije, Leidsche Rijn, gemeente Utrecht. Waardestellend onderzoek naar de kwaliteit van het schip en het conserverend vermogen van het bodemmilieu. Rijksdienst voor Archeologie, Cultuurlandschap en Monumenten, Amersfoort 2007, ISBN 978-9057-991-05-9 .
  9. ↑ RM van Heeringen, T. de Groot, Jaap-MAW Morel, Esther Jansma, F. Dallmeijer, DJ Huisman, A. Smit, K. Linthout: Romeins schip in Utrechtse bodem. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vakbladvitruvius.nl archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Vitruvius 1 (2007).
  10. ↑ Gait L. Berk: De Punter . De Boer Maritiem, Weesp 1984, ISBN 90-228-1858-6 .
  11. ↑ Jaap-MAW Morel: Unieke Romeinse punter gevonden . In: RCAM Nieuwsbrief 5 (2008).
  12. ↑ Fiducia. De enige varende reconstructie van a Romase punter. Website of the Romeins Schip Woerden Foundation, accessed on January 19, 2015.
  13. ↑ Annemarie Luksen-IJtsma, Erik P. Graafstal, Maurice CM Langeveld: Utrecht - Vleuten / De Meern. Bali II . In: Archeologische Kroniek Provincie Utrecht, 2002–2003. ISSN  1386-8527 , pp. 190-193.
  14. ^ R. de Kam, Erik P. Graafstal, Herre Wynia: Utrecht Leidsche Rijn, Time Team . In: Archeologische Kroniek Provincie Utrecht, 2004–2005. ISSN  1386-8527 , pp. 114-120.