Schizolobium parahyba
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Schizolobium parahyba |
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Schizolobium parahyba is a tree from the legume family, in the carob subfamily, from northern South America and Central America to southern Mexico .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Schizolobium parahyba is an extremely fast-growing, deciduous tree with a spreading crown that reaches heights of growth of over 30 meters. Flat buttress roots are formed. The trunk is usually only branched on older specimens and on the crown and it can reach a diameter of up to 100 centimeters. In young specimens, the resinous trunk is sticky. Schizolobium parahyba can grow 3–5 meters per year, making it one of the fastest-growing trees in the world. The smooth bark is greenish-brownish to grayish and marked with many larger leaf scars .
The very long, stalked and fern-like, spirally arranged leaves are pinnate in two pairs and up to 1.5 meters long on younger plants, later they are somewhat, a little more than half, shorter. The primary pinna are short stalked, with many small, elongated, almost sessile and rounded and 2-3 centimeters long leaflets . The stipules are sloping or absent. The leaves are often shed during flowering.
Generative characteristics
Multi-flowered, axillary or terminal racemose to panicle inflorescences are formed. The stalked, yellow flowers are hermaphroditic and five-fold with a double flower envelope. The fine-haired calyx is yellow-brownish with free and spreading to laid back, triangular lobes. The slightly frilly petals, arranged like roof tiles, are divided into a shorter nail and a plate . The free, slightly unequal, 10 stamens with thick stamens sit on the edge of the flower cup . The short-stalked, elongated and short-haired ovary is in the middle and on the side of the flower cup. The curved stylus is thin with a small, heady scar .
Solitary, flat and egg-shaped, brown and leathery legumes are formed. They are up to about 10-12 inches long and 3-5 inches wide. The hard and flat, brownish seeds are elliptical and up to 1.5-2 centimeters long and they lie in a thin, papery-membranous, winged and light brownish endocarp , which is fruity in outline and separates from the fused exo- and mesocarp at maturity . This allows the seeds to be spread by the wind .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
Systematics
The first description of Basionyms Cassia Parahyba took place in 1825 [1827] by José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo in Florae Fluminensis ... 168 [... icones T. 4] Tab. 71, the re-allocation to the genus Schizolobium was made in 1919 by Sidney Fay Blake in Contr. US Natl. Herb. 20: 240. Other synonyms are Caesalpinia parahyba Allemão , Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke , Schizolobium excelsum Vogel , Schizolobium glutinosum Tul. , Schizolobium Parahyba var. Amazonicum (ex Huber Ducke) Barneby .
The genus name Schizo - lobium refers to the division of the ripe legume into an inner and an outer part.
Young Schizolobium parahybum with very long leaves
Trunk with many leaf scars
Flowers and inflorescence of Schizolobium parahyba
Leaves and legumes
Legumes of Schizolobium parahyba
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literature
- The CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees. CABI, 2013, ISBN 978-1-78064-236-9 , p. 40 f.
- Thomas B. Croat. Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, 1978, ISBN 0-8047-0950-5 , p. 451.
- ON Allen, Ethel K. Allen: The Leguminosae. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1981, ISBN 0-299-08400-0 , p. 595.
Web links
- Schizolobium parahyba at Useful Tropical Plants.
Individual evidence
- ^ Peter Goldblatt: Chromosome Numbers in Legumes II. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 68 (4), 1981, pp. 551-557, doi: 10.2307 / 2398889 .
- ↑ online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ Schizolobium parahyba at KEW Science.