Giovan Filippo Criscuolo

Polyptych with the birth of Jesus and saints (dated 1545), Museo di Capodimonte , Naples

Giovan Filippo Criscuolo (also: Giovanni Filippo and Crisconio ; verifiable between approx. 1529 and approx. 1550 in and around Naples ) was an Italian Renaissance painter who belongs to the Neapolitan school .

Life

Little is known about Criscuolo's youth. His year and place of birth are also unknown. Abbate considers the year of birth 1509 given by some authors to be unrealistically late. The place of birth Gaeta , often mentioned since Cesare D'Engenio (1624), is also questionable, as the painter always signed with “ napoletano ” (“from Naples”) - also in the well-known painting cycle by Gaeta. Giovan Filippo had a younger brother named Giovan Angelo who was a notary and also painted.

It has occasionally been suggested that Criscuolo is identical to a " Giovan Filippo Crescione pittor napoletano " mentioned by Giorgio Vasari , who was a student of Marco Cardisco, worked with his brother-in-law Lionardo Castellani and at the time of the second edition of Vasari's work in 1568 was still alive. However, all of this cannot be proven for Criscuolo and the ancient Neapolitan historians viewed Crescione and Criscuolo as two different people.

Criscuolo was a student of Andrea Sabatini (called Andrea da Salerno ). According to De Dominici (1743), Criscuolo became a painter against his father's will and fled to Rome, where he saw the works of Raphael and became a pupil of Perin del Vaga , who in turn was a pupil of Raphael. Other influences were the Spaniards Alonso Berruguete and Pedro Machuca , who were also inspired by Raphael .

Multi-part polyptychs are typical of Criscuolo , which presumably reflects a certain influence of Spanish culture and rule over the Kingdom of Naples .

Cycle of images with the Disputa Jesu (front) in the Cappella d'Oro of the Santissima Annunziata of Gaeta

One of the main works by Criscuolo is a large 18-part painting cycle in the Grotta d'Oro of the Santissima Annunziata of Gaeta. This is dated and signed 1531 and was certainly made with the assistance of the workshop. Before that he worked on the main altar of the same church with Andrea Sabbatini.

Criscuolo also created polyptics for the Neapolitan churches of Santa Maria Donna Regina and Santa Maria Regina Coeli, which were mentioned by D'Engenio (1624) but are now lost.

Criscuolo's style has sometimes been described as dry, and its maturity and later phases are characterized by fluid brushstrokes with a fragrant effect. In his works of the 1540s Abbate thought he could also see a certain influence from Polidoro da Caravaggio , u. a. in the large polyptych with the birth of Jesus in the Museum Capodimonte (signed and dated 1545).

It is not known when Giovan Filippo Criscuolo died: if he were to be identical to Vasari's Giovan Filippo Crescione, he would have been alive in 1568; the often unreliable De Dominici (1743) said that Criscuolo died around 1584. Even if both dates are basically within the realm of possibility, all of Criscuolo's surviving works belong stylistically to the first half of the 16th century.

Mariangela Criscuolo

According to tradition, Giovan Filippo had a daughter, Mariangela Criscuolo, who was also a painter and, according to De Dominici, was (allegedly) born in Naples around 1548. Massimo Stanzione is said to have had doubts as to whether she was not really the daughter of Filippo's brother Giovan Angelo. Mariangela later married the painter Giovan Antonio d'Amato the Elder. J. , with whom she is said to have worked a lot. No signed or otherwise documented works by Mariangela have survived.

Works

Madonna and Child and Saints , National Museum Warsaw

Polyptych in the church of Santissima Annunziata in Gaeta (presumably together with Andrea Sabatini (?))

Cycle of paintings (including: Miraculous Multiplication of Bread , Disputa Jesus in the Temple ) in the Grotta d'Oro of the Santissima Annunziata of Gaeta, 1531

Polyptych in Ausonia , around 1531

Polyptych with the Death of the Virgin and the Annunciation , Museo diocesano, Gaeta (?)

Polyptych with a Byzantine Madonna (signed and dated 1536), Museo diocesano, Gaeta (?)

Madonna and Child and Seven Angels , main altar of Gaeta Cathedral

Cycle of Mary , Museo Pignatelli , Naples

Polyptych in the Church of Santa Maria dei Longobardi in Novi Velia ( Salerno ), dated 1540.

Two Holy Martyrs (part of a former polyptych), sacristy of Ravello Cathedral

Polyptych with the Nativity , Museo di Capodimonte , Naples, signed and dated 1545.

Birth of Jesus with St. Paul and John the Baptist , Harrach Collection, Vienna

Dormition of Mariae , Szépművészeti Múzeum , Budapest

Scenes from the childhood of Jesus and episodes after the death of the Savior , Sacristy of San Paolo Maggiore , Naples

Adoration of the Magi , private collection, Naples

Crucifixion , Collection of the Banco di Napoli

Madonna and Child and Saints , National Museum Warsaw

literature

Giorgio Vasari: Le Vite ... nelle redazioni del 1550 e 1568 , ed. by R. Bettarini and P. Barocchi, Testo, IV, Florence 1976, p. 526 f
Cesare D'Engenio: Napoli sacra , Naples 1624, passim
Francesco de Pietri: Historia napoletana , Neapel, 1634, pp. 70, 203 (also in: Napoli nobilissima 8 [1899], p. 14; and in: Ottavio Morisani: Letteratura artistica a Napoli tra il '400 ed il' 600 , Fausto Fiorentino, Naples 1958, p. 83 f.)
Carlo Celano : Notes del bello, dell'antico e del curioso della città di Napoli [1692], Naples 1970, ad Ind.
Bernardo De Dominici: Vite de 'pittori, scultori ed architetti napoletani , Volume 2, Naples 1743, pp. 174 ff. (Mariangela Criscuolo: pp. 327–330)
Gaetano Filangieri: Documenti per la storia, le arti e le industrie delle provincie napoletane , Volume 5, Naples, 1891, p. 149 ("Crescione" and "Crisconio")
Giuseppe Ceci: Un convento di canonichesse. Regina Coeli , in: Napoli nobilissima 8 (1899), p. 25
Aldo De Rinaldis: Catalogo del Museo nazionale di Napoli , Naples, 1911, p. 382
Raffaele Marrocco: L'Annunciazione di Giovan Filippo Criscuolo , in: Arte e storia 31 (1912), p. 302 ff.
Georg Sobotka : Criscuolo, Giovan Filippo . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 8 : Coutan-Delattre . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1912, p. 110 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
Adolfo Venturi: Storia dell'arte italiana , Vol. 9, 5, Milan, 1932, pp. 731-734
Il Museo diocesano di Gaeta , Gaeta 1956, p. 25 ff.
Ferdinando Bologna: Roviale spagnolo e la pittura napoletana del Cinquecento , Naples 1959, p. 79 ff.
Francesco Calise: Dall'arte bizantina al barocco nell'istituto della SS. Annunziata di Gaeta , Gaeta 1962, index sv
G. Kalby: Un ignorato polittico di Giovan Filippo Criscuolo , in: Rivista di studi salernitani 1 (1968), pp. 255-262
Mario Rotili: L'arte del Cinquecento nel Regno di Napoli , Naples 1972, p. 134 ff
Francesco Abbate: La pittura napoletana fino all'arrivo di G. Vasari , in: Storia di Napoli , Volume 5, Naples 1972, p. 840 ff
Arte a Gaeta (catalog), Gaeta 1976, pp. 74-84
Giovanni Previtali: La pittura del Cinquecento a Napoli e nel vicereame , Turin 1978, p. 1620
Francesco Abbate: Criscuolo (Crescione, Crisconio), Giovan Filippo. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 30: Cosattini – Crispolto. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1984.
Criscuolo, Giovan (ni) Filippo . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 23, Saur, Munich a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-598-22763-9 , p. 316.

Web links

Commons : Giovan Filippo Criscuolo - collection of images, videos and audio files

"Giovan Filippo Criscuolo" on "Brigantino - il portale del Sud" (seen on April 24, 2019)
"Giovanni Filippo Criscuolo" on "artnet" (seen on April 24, 2019)
Marco Tedesco: "Arte a Gaeta: La Cappella d'oro", March 18, 2016, on "criticartlesson" (Italian, pictures (!); Accessed on April 23, 2019)
Gerardo Pecci: "Echi raffaelleschi nell'opera di Criscuolo - L'influenza è riscontrabile nella Madonna con Bambino di Novi Velia", September 5, 2016, in: "La Citta di Salerno" (Italian; accessed April 24, 2019)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Francesco Abbate: Criscuolo (Crescione, Crisconio), Giovan Filippo. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 30: Cosattini – Crispolto. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1984.
↑ “ ... secondo l'opinione de 'più, benché il cavalier Massimo Stanzioni ponga in dubbio, se da lui, o dal fratello Gio. Angelo ella nascesse ”(De Dominici, 1743, p. 327).

personal data
SURNAME	Criscuolo, Giovan Filippo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Criscuolo, Giovanni Filippo; Giovan Filippo Crisconio; Giovan Filippo Crescione (?)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Italian painter
DATE OF BIRTH	around 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH	Naples
DATE OF DEATH	16th Century
Place of death	Naples

[Abbate-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Francesco Abbate: Criscuolo (Crescione, Crisconio), Giovan Filippo. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 30: Cosattini – Crispolto. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1984.

[2] “ ... secondo l'opinione de 'più, benché il cavalier Massimo Stanzioni ponga in dubbio, se da lui, o dal fratello Gio. Angelo ella nascesse ”(De Dominici, 1743, p. 327).