sleep-laboratory

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A sleep laboratory is a medical facility that is used to examine the sleep of patients ( polysomnography ). It consists of specially equipped patient rooms and an additional room in which the monitoring and recording devices are located.

Various body functions such as brain waves , eye movements, breathing , muscle tension or oxygen saturation of the blood are recorded throughout the night . On the basis of these measured values, a very precise sleep profile of the individual sleep stages (e.g. waking state, REM sleep , deep sleep , short wake-up reactions) can be created the next morning . This sleep profile allows conclusions to be drawn about the quality of sleep and the causes that may impair the quality of sleep.

Diagnosis of sleep apnea

A common cause of poor sleep quality is sleep apnea , for example . Breath pauses that last for up to minutes and lead to an insufficient supply of oxygen and thus to repeated and frequent wake-up reactions. These brief wake-up reactions are usually not noticed by the person concerned. However, they can lead to severe to extreme daytime sleepiness and a very significant reduction in quality of life. The triggered thereby falling asleep while driving always leads to serious traffic accidents. In addition to sleep apnea, there are also a few other causes of poor sleep quality, for example restless legs syndrome .

CPAP therapy

The form of therapy of choice for sleep apnea is the use of a CPAP device . Therefore, one of the most common therapies performed in a sleep laboratory is the patient-specific adaptation and setting of such a device. However, a CPAP device is not to be understood as a form of therapy in the sense that a single or short-term use leads to a form of healing. Rather, it is an adaptive aid, so that - just like with glasses - the old, inadequate condition is restored if it is not used. In order to show benefits, a CPAP device must therefore be used permanently by the person affected, i.e. every night if possible.

A patient's entire stay in the sleep laboratory can last, for example, three days or nights, with the first night being used as a familiarization night, the second being the actual diagnosis night and the third being used to set and check the CPAP therapy.

Sleep laboratory and animal experiments

Sleep is a complex behavior that is also common in the animal kingdom. Investigating the sleep behavior of animals can allow conclusions to be drawn about human sleep. It has not yet been scientifically clarified with certainty why animals and humans have to sleep at all. Regeneration and reorganization under the least stressful conditions are possible reasons.

Guinea pigs and brown rats are suitable as preferred non-human test subjects , because the former show a very strongly reduced and changed process, the latter a pronounced sleep behavior associated with numerous preparations.

Quality management

The German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine (DGSM) operates an accreditation procedure in which around 320 sleep laboratories in Germany are now participating (as of December 2012). The aim is to secure and improve the quality of patient care in sleep medicine .

The process goes back to the working group of clinical sleep centers , the forerunner of the DGSM, and the year 1989 and has been further developed. At the request of a sleep laboratory, the personnel, space and equipment of the sleep laboratory will be collected. During a site inspection, the structural quality is checked and certified with the accreditation. The re-evaluation of the sleep laboratories is carried out every two years. Legally, it is a contractual relationship between the sleep laboratory and DGSM.

The Austrian Society for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research (ÖGSM) has been running a procedure for the accreditation of sleep laboratories since 1998, which corresponds to this procedure with small country-specific adjustments. 31 sleep laboratories are currently accredited, including three children's sleep laboratories in Graz, Villach and Vienna (as of December 2011).

As a result of a consensus, the European Sleep Research Society (ESRS) published the European guidelines for the accreditation of Sleep Medicine Centers based on the DGSM procedure for the accreditation of sleep laboratories . These recommendations are used by the professional societies of numerous European countries in their procedures, for example by the Nordic Sleep Medicine Accreditation Committee (NOSMAC), in which the corresponding professional societies from Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden ( SFSS ) are represented.

history

The world's first clinical sleep laboratory was opened by William C. Dement at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California in the late 1960s . Previously, studies were also carried out on sleeping people, for example at Nathaniel Kleitman's sleep laboratory in Chicago from 1925. However, these studies were only carried out for scientific purposes and not for the diagnosis or treatment of sleep disorders.

The first sleep laboratory in Germany was set up in the neurological clinic of the Hessian Diakoniezentrum Hephata in the early 1970s . This is also the seat of the German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine (DGSM).

Term "small sleep laboratory"

When it comes to billing, the examination using cardiorespiratory polygraphy is also referred to as the “small sleep laboratory” in Germany.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Accreditation of sleep laboratories ( memento of the original from March 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.charite.de
  2. ↑ Penzel, T. et al., Guide for the accreditation of sleep medicine centers of the German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine (DGSM) , Somnologie, 4: 181-187, 2000.
  3. ↑ Birgit Högl: Current Austrian sleep research . In: Somnology . tape 14 , no. 1 . Springer, Heidelberg 2010, p. 5 , doi : 10.1007 / s11818-010-0460-2 .
  4. ↑ Dirk Pevernagie, Steering Committee of the European Sleep Research Society: European guidelines for the accreditation of sleep medicine centers . In: Journal of Sleep Research . Vol. 15, No. 2 , 2006, p. 231-238 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2869.2006.00524.x , PMID 16704580 (English).
  5. ^ Stanford Hospital & Clinics: Sleep Disorders Clinic
  6. ↑ Hephata Klinik (patient flyer). (PDF; 165 kB) Hephata Diakonie, p. 2 , archived from the original on October 7, 2009 ; Retrieved August 26, 2008 .
  7. ↑ German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine, Contact ( Memento of the original from February 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.charite.de
  8. ↑ German Medical Association: Billing recommendations . In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt . Volume 101, No. 8 , 2004, p. A527 . , online (PDF file, 69 kB), accessed on February 14, 2013