Schlichthaus
In the early 1950s, Schlichthaus or Schlichtwohnung was a residential building concept that deliberately fell short of the applicable equipment and space standards in order to cope with the housing shortage and homelessness caused by the war. The term, which has never been conclusively defined in laws or standards, denotes "those apartments that were on the borderline between emergency and makeshift housing and normally furnished apartments". For small houses in simple construction, it was specified that they contain a separate apartment of at least 28 square meters on a total living space of a maximum of 65 square meters and offer space for a total of seven beds. According to a description by the Institute for Building Research, simple apartments in tenement houses should be "primitively designed", dispense with a hallway and access the main living room directly from the stairwell. A common toilet and a common water tap should be provided for several tenants.
The concept of the simple apartment or simple apartment had negative connotations from the outset and was understood as a form of living that was only reasonable for socially weak sections of the population. As early as 1950, Federal Building Minister Eberhard Wildermuth praised a cash prize of DM 100 personally donated by him for a "better and more appropriate" name proposal. The winner was the proposal for “add-on apartment”, followed by “simplex apartment” and “economy apartment” in second and third place. However, these terms could not gain acceptance, while the term Schlichthaus was retained as a slang term for municipal emergency accommodation after the 1950s.
prehistory
At the end of the First World War , construction costs in Germany had increased enormously on the one hand, and fuel , building materials (especially bricks and cement ) and means of transport were not available in sufficient quantities on the other . In order to remedy the housing shortage caused by the war, they looked for substitute building materials that could be produced on the construction site or in the immediate vicinity with the least possible energy consumption . The replacement buildings erected in this way had the lowest possible use of material, by z. B. the load-bearing capacity of the building materials was optimally used. As replacement building materials came u. a. Clay , quarry stones , slag and Schwemmsteine , blast furnace cement and as a filling material for cavities sawdust , peat , pumice and slags used. As a replacement construction they resorted mainly to pitching - or cast construction , stone-built and half-timbered style back. Due to a lack of experience in structural engineering , only single -storey buildings were practically built , but not multi-storey buildings.
example
- Plain housing estate Am Sacksdamm , Bremen
Individual evidence
- ↑ Term and concept presented in detail in Holger Lüning: Das Eigenheim-Land , p. 273 ff., Hannover 2005.
- ↑ Hermann Wandersleb (ed.): Concise dictionary of urban development, housing and settlement , p. 1128, Stuttgart 1959.
- ^ Lower Saxony Ministerial Gazette: circular of January 26, 1951.
- ↑ Karl Richard Kräntzer: cost and efficiency of basic flats and finishing houses , in: Construction Office & Commercial 1954th
- ↑ For the vanquished , Der Spiegel 47/1950, pp. 26-27.
- ^ Holger Lüning: Das Eigenheim-Land , p. 274, Hannover 2005.
- ^ Otto Lueger : Lexicon of the entire technology and its auxiliary sciences . 2nd Edition. Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart and Leipzig 1920 ( zeno.org [accessed on October 9, 2019] Lexicon entry "Replacement building").