Narrow-leaved lungwort

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Narrow-leaved lungwort
Narrow-leaved lungwort (Pulmonaria angustifolia)

Narrow-leaved lungwort ( Pulmonaria angustifolia )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Tribe : Boragineae
Genre : Lung herbs ( pulmonaria )
Type : Narrow-leaved lungwort
Scientific name
Pulmonaria angustifolia
L.

The narrow-leaved lungwort ( Pulmonaria angustifolia ) is a species of plant within the predatory family (Boraginaceae).

description

illustration
Inflorescence with flowers in detail

Vegetative characteristics

The narrow-leaved lungwort grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches a stature height of 10 to 35 centimeters. A creeping rhizome serves as a storage and persistence organ . The stem grows upright and is covered in the upper part and on the branches of the inflorescence with numerous, mostly equally long bristles and very few short-stalked glands.

The leaves are not spotted and have curly-haired bristles of equal length at the top. The rosette leaves have a length of 10 to 20 centimeters and a width of up to 3 centimeters. The alternate, sessile stem leaves are eight to ten times longer than wide with a length of usually 3 to 10 centimeters.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is mainly in April and May. The flowers are in dense, leafy and hairy coils . The hermaphrodite flowers are heterostyle , radial symmetry and five-fold with a double perianth . The calyx is about 8 to 9 millimeters long during anthesis , later up to 15 millimeters. The calyx is divided almost to the middle into triangular-lanceolate, green or blue calyx tips. The corolla is bare on the outside, about 12 to 20 millimeters long, first red, then azure blue. The corolla tube is bare inside below the tufts of hair. The smooth and light leather-brown nuts are egg-shaped with a length of about 4 millimeters.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence and endangerment

Pulmonaria angustifolia is mainly distributed from the Caucasus to Southeast and Eastern Europe. It also occurs from southern Scandinavia through central Germany to the Rhine area. In Central Europe comes Pulmonaria angustifolia rare. In Central Europe the narrow-leaved lungwort occurs from the Haßberge to the Thuringian Forest; It is rare in Lower Austria, Burgenland and Styria; it occurs sporadically in warm valleys in the central and southern Alps. In Austria this species is rare and endangered, in Switzerland the clan is apparently not represented. Narrow-leaved lungwort is rare in Germany, especially in northern Bavaria and Thuringia. In addition, it is only found sporadically. In the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in Germany, narrow-leaved lungwort was rated in 1996 with category 2 = severely endangered. This species is specially protected according to the Federal Species Protection Ordinance.

The narrow-leaved lungwort grows in dry forests, light shrubbery and on the edges of forests. It prefers warm, mostly loose, mildly humus sand or loess soils . In Central Europe it is a character species of the Potentillo albae-Quercetum petraeae from the association Potentillo albae-Quercion petraeae, but also occurs in societies of the associations Carpinion or Geranion sanguinei.

Systematics and taxonomy

The genus Pulmonaria is extremely complex. There are numerous transitions and hybrid forms between the individual species. In some cases, the specific clans can only be determined by chromosome analysis. The dissemination information in the literature is therefore often incomplete or incorrect.

Pulmonaria angustifolis L. has the synonyms: Pulmonaria azurea Besser and Pulmonaria tuberosa Closet .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  786 .
  2. ↑ Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  3. ↑ Benito Valdés, 2011: Boraginaceae. : Datasheet Pulmonaria angustifolia In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Narrow-leaved lungwort ( Pulmonaria angustifolia )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files