Scholarch

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A scholarch ( ancient Greek σχολάρχης scholárchēs "head of school", from σχολή scholḗ "school" and ἄρχειν árchein "command") was the head of a higher educational institution . The term comes from the ancient Athenian schools of philosophy .

Antiquity

In the Platonic Academy , the scholarch was elected for life and usually had his residence on the school grounds. For the election of Xenocrates , the second successor of Plato , there is evidence of a voting with a close result. Voters were the students, not a governing body, and the election was secret. In the late period - from the second half of the third century BC. Chr. - the choice was sometimes circumvented by the Scholarchen handing over the school leadership to successors chosen by them.

In the Peripatos ( Lykeion ), the school founded by Aristotle , the scholarch could choose his successor or set up an electoral body. Legally, the scholarch was the owner of the school, in particular the property and the library.

Also in the Kepos, the school of Epicurus , the land and house did not belong to the community, but were the property of the respective scholar. However, a special arrangement was necessary if the scholarch - like Hermarchus , who was appointed successor by the school's founder, Epicurus - was not an Attic citizen, because foreigners were not allowed to acquire property in Athens.

Modern times

In modern times, a senior official in the school administration or the school supervisory authority was referred to as a "scholarch" in some places, for example in the Kingdom of Bavaria , where Christoph von Schmid and Georg von Jäger officiated as district scholars , or in Grafschaf Waldeck , where Otto von Wolmeringhausen became senior scholar in 1589 three Waldeck schools was appointed.

literature

  • Tiziano Dorandi : Chronology and Organization and structure of the philosophical schools . In: Keimpe Algra u. a. (Ed.): The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999, ISBN 0-521-25028-5 , pp. 31-62

Remarks

  1. ↑ Hans Krämer : The older academy. In: Hellmut Flashar (ed.): Outline of the history of philosophy . The philosophy of antiquity , vol. 3, 2nd, revised edition, Basel 2004, pp. 1–165, here: 4, 33.
  2. ^ Woldemar Görler : Older Pyrrhonism, Younger Academy, Antiochus from Askalon. In: Hellmut Flashar (ed.): Outline of the history of philosophy. The philosophy of antiquity , Vol. 4, 2nd half volume, Basel 1994, pp. 717–989, here: 778.
  3. ↑ Fritz Wehrli among others: The Peripatos up to the beginning of the Roman Empire. In: Hellmut Flashar (ed.): Outline of the history of philosophy. The philosophy of antiquity , vol. 3, 2nd, reviewed edition, Basel 2004, pp. 493–666, here: 497 f.
  4. ↑ Michael Erler : The Epicurus School. In: Hellmut Flashar (ed.): Outline of the history of philosophy. The philosophy of antiquity , Vol. 4, 1st half volume, Basel 1994, pp. 203-380, here: 205 f.
  5. ^ Carl Curtze: The high school in Corbach. In: Waldeckische non-profit journal , first volume, third booklet, Arolsen, 1837, pp. 413-458 (here 447) .