Spelling (literary studies)

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In literary studies, the spelling in the narrower sense is a grouping of texts that spans epochs and cultures, in contrast to the historically and culturally bound genres . The primary notation is those that correspond directly to a basic communicative situation, such as narrative or reporting notation ( the narrative ) or the dramatic notation ( the dramatic ). For example, the Greek tragedy and the bourgeois tragedy are historically and culturally assigned genres, the dramatic tries to abstract from these historical and cultural ties to grasp and describe what these forms have in common. As a secondary spellings such are called, which are independent of a communicative context, like something the comic or the satirical .

The differentiation ahistorical vs. historical is more recent. For poetics from antiquity ( Aristotle ) to modern times, the basic forms of poetry were considered to be timeless. In Goethe we find the distinction between the timeless “natural forms” of epic , drama and lyric poetry and, in contrast, the “types of poetry” that are subject to historical change.

The corresponding terms spelling vs. Genre took place in German literary studies from the middle of the 20th century. Although there were directions which rejected the assumption of transhistorical invariants , genus theorists close to structuralism could point out that every purely historically oriented approach, for example, at the moment when it characterizes forms other than comedy as comic, implies the comic and diachronic Such terminology can hardly be avoided.

The distinction between spelling vs. Genus was formulated by Klaus W. Hempfer in 1972 and 1973. It corresponds to the French distinction according to Gérard Genette between mode (spelling) and genre (genre). It should be noted that spelling in Hempfer's sense is not simply an over- historical generic term for genre : genres can historically realize one or more spellings (for example comedy), but do not have to (for example metrically specific forms such as the sonnet ).

Other similar or competing terms were suggested by:

  • Ulrich Gaier, in the style of writing of Satire both historical and over historical aspects difference,
  • Dieter Lamping and Rüdiger Zymner differentiated systematic spellings ( e.g. mannerism ) and historical spellings ( e.g. preciosity ),
  • Harald Fricke differentiated timeless ways of writing and their historical realization in writing genres and expanded the use of the terminology beyond literature to include other arts ( design methods or design genres ).
  • and expanding the terms in a similar direction, Theodor Verweyen and Gunther Witting described cross-media spellings as procedures .

When writing in a broader sense is in line with that of Roland Barthes the coined term écriture means the combination of stylistic and rhetorical feature of a text, for its form-content relationship is constitutive. There is often a deliberate blurring of “documentary”, “hard”, “feminine”, “realistic”, “symbolic” etc. “spelling”.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus W. Hempfer: Tendency and Aesthetics. Studies on French verse satire of the 18th century. Fink, Munich 1972.
  2. ^ Gérard Genette: Introduction à l'architexte. Seuil, 1979, pp. 17 and 81 and others.
  3. ↑ Ulrich Gaier: Satire. Studies on Neidhart, Wittenwiler, Brant and on satirical writing. Tübingen 1967.
  4. ↑ Dieter Lamping: Problems of the newer genus theory. In: genre theory and genre history. Edited by Dieter Lamping and Dietrich Weber. Wuppertal 1990, pp. 18-24.
  5. ^ Rüdiger Zymner: Mannerism. Paderborn et al. 1995, pp. 59-85.
  6. ↑ Harald Fricke: Norm and deviation. A philosophy of literature. Munich 1981, pp. 132-146.
  7. ↑ Harald Fricke: Law and Freedom. A philosophy of art. Munich 2000.
  8. ^ Theodor Verweyen, Gunther Witting: The parody in the newer German literature. Darmstadt 1979.
  9. ^ Theodor Verweyen, Gunther Witting: Die Kontrafaktur. Constance 1987.