Madrasa Rahīmīya
The Madrasa Rahīmīya ( Persian مدرسه رحيميه, DMG Madrasa-yi Raḥīmīya ) was a madrasa outside of Shahjahanabad in the east of Delhi , which was an important center of Islamic religious sciences on the Indian subcontinent in the 18th and early 19th centuries . It was founded by Shāh ʿAbd ar-Rahīm (d. 1719), one of the editors of the Fatāwa-yi ʿĀlamgīrī , and was initially located near the Mahalla of Mehndiyan. After ʿAbd ar-Rahīm's death, his son Shāh Walī Allāh ad-Dihlawī (d. 1762) took over the management of the school. The school “stood for a renewal of Islam from its sources” and pursued a strengthening of Muslim identity “by rejecting all historically grown innovations and approaches to other communities.” With this orientation, it was a predecessor of Dār al-ʿUlūm by Deoband , the Was founded in 1866 or 1867.
At the beginning, the Madrasa Rahīmīya, like the Farangi Mahall in Lucknow, was dedicated to the cultivation of rational sciences ( maʿqūlāt ). That changed, however, when Shāh Walī Allaah returned from a long study visit to Medina in 1732 . From then on, he focused his teaching on teaching traditional sciences ( manqūlāt ) and Koran exegesis . The position on Sufism remained ambivalent. With this particular orientation, the Rahīmīya madrasa attracted disciples not only from northern India, but also from the areas of Afghanistan and Central Asia. When the school was overcrowded, she moved into a Haveli inside the city to whom you the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (r. 1720-48) made available. After Shāh Walī Allaah's death, the management of the madrasa fell to his son Shāh ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (d. 1824). He, his three brothers and the disciples of Shāh Wali Allaah formed a network "in which the genealogies of kinship with those of spiritual initiation and academic affiliation often overlapped and mutually reinforced." The school was also used for translations of the Koran into Urdu known, with which the sons of Shāh Walī Allah emerged.
The network of the Madrasa Rahīmīya became the starting point for a separate Indo-Islamic school of thought, which is also known as the School of Delhi and contrasts with the rationalistic school of Lucknow . Over the generations it can be observed that certain cities sent their young men almost exclusively for training to the Rahīmīya Madrasa, while other places were connected in the same way with Lucknow. Sayyid Ahmad Barelwi (d. 1831), the founder of the Tariqa-yi Muhammadiya , also belonged to the network of the Rahīmīya Madrasa . The Madrasa Rahīmīya continued until the Indian uprising of 1857 . During the riot it was ransacked and razed to the ground.
literature
- Jamal Malik: "Islam in South Asia" in Albrecht Noth, Jürgen Paul (Ed.): The Islamic Orient - Basics of its History . Ergon, Würzburg, 1998. pp. 505-543. Here p. 511f.
- Margrit Pernau : Citizen with a turban. Muslims in Delhi in the 19th century. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2008. pp. 64-66, 149-51.
- Francis Robinson: “Madrasa in South Asia” in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Published 2019. Online
- Mohammad Umar: Islam in Northern India during the Eighteenth Century . Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1993. pp. 263f.
supporting documents
- ^ Umar: Islam in Northern India during the Eighteenth Century . 1993, p. 264.
- ^ Pernau: Citizen with a turban. 2008, p. 149.
- ^ Pernau: Citizen with a turban. 2008, p. 64.
- ^ Pernau: Citizen with a turban. 2008, p. 66.
- ^ Pernau: Citizen with a turban. 2008, p. 64.
- ^ Umar: Islam in Northern India during the Eighteenth Century . 1993, p. 264.
- ^ Pernau: Citizen with a turban. 2008, p. 64.
- ↑ Avril A. Powell: Muslims and missionaries in pre-mutiny India . Curzon Press, Richmond, Surrey 1993. pp. 66, 102.
- ↑ Jamal Malik: Islam in South Asia. A short history . Brill, Leiden, 2008. p. 200.
- ^ Pernau: Citizen with a turban. 2008, p. 64f.
- ^ Pernau: Citizen with a turban. 2008, p. 150f.
- ^ Umar: Islam in Northern India during the Eighteenth Century . 1993, p. 264.