Lucknow
Lucknow | ||
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State : | India | |
State : | Uttar Pradesh | |
District : | Lucknow | |
Location : | 26 ° 52 ′ N , 80 ° 55 ′ E | |
Height : | 121 m | |
Inhabitants : - Agglomeration : |
2,817,105 (2011) 2,902,601 (2011) |
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Postal code : | 226001 - 226026 227101 - 227132 |
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Website : | lmc.up.nic.in/ | |
Lucknow , also Lakhnau ( Hindi : लखनऊ , Urdu : لکھنو; [ ˈlʌkʰnʌuː ]), is the capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India .
It had a population of around 2.8 million in the 2011 census, is an industrial center ( textile industry , metal processing , handicrafts ), transport hub ( road , railroad , airport ) and is located 516 kilometers east of Delhi on the Gomti . Language purists consider Lucknow to be the place where the purest Urdu and Hindi are spoken.
Lucknow has a rapid population growth. A population of over 6.3 million people is expected in the metropolitan area by 2050.
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history
The city was founded in 1528 on the orders of Babur (1483–1530), the founder of the Mughal Empire . From the middle of the 18th century, when the Mughal Empire was in decline, the Islamic center of power slowly shifted from Delhi to the Avadh province . In 1775 Asaf-ud-Daula (1775-1797) moved the capital of his kingdom Avadh from Faizabad to Lucknow. Avadh became a magnet for poets and artists where Hindus and Muslims worked together in harmony. Lucknow was also an important place of Shiite culture and Islamic jurisprudence. The " Farangi Mahal " law school even attracted students from China and Central Asia . The Lucknow Sunni School was founded in the early 18th century.
The fact that the British removed the last nawab of Avadh Wajid Ali Shah (1822–1887) in 1856 from his office is considered to be one of the causes of the Indian uprising of 1857 . In 1856 British forces took the city. During the following siege of Lucknow , the city was the scene of fierce fighting between British and insurgent Indian forces.
The University of Lucknow was founded in 1921 and the Indian Institute of Management in 1984 . The multiple award-winning City Montessori School is the largest school in the world with around 47,000 students.
In 2001, about 20.5% of the population were Muslim .
year | population | year | population |
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1871 | 284,800 | 1951 | 496,900 |
1881 | 261,300 | 1961 | 595,400 |
1891 | 273,000 | 1971 | 814,000 |
1901 | 264,000 | 1981 | 1,007,604 |
1911 | 259,800 | 1991 | 1,669,204 |
1921 | 240,600 | 2001 | 2,245,509 |
1931 | 274,700 | 2011 | 2,902,601 |
1941 | 387.177 |
Attractions
Most of the monuments are located on or near the south bank of the Gomti, which swells in monsoons and is then overcrowded with fishing canoes .
In the west of the city, near the "Hardinge Bridge", which borders the old Lucknow, are several buildings erected by the Nawabs of Awadh, including several Imambaras ("houses of the imams "), assembly halls for the worship of Shiite imams. Most worth seeing is the Bara Imambara ("Great House of the Imam") from the 18th century, which has one of the largest vaulted halls in the world - 15 meters high, 50 meters long and 16 meters wide. There is a large three-dimensional labyrinth in the attic .
The main street to the west of the main entrance gates is spanned by the colossal, decaying Rumi Darwaza , a triumphal arch modeled on the Sublime Porte in Istanbul . Steps lead to open spaces with a view of the monuments of Hussainabad.
A little further to the west is the Hussainabad Imambara , also known as Chhota Imambara or “ Palace of Lights”, because when it is decorated and illuminated on special occasions, it resembles a fairytale castle. The Imambara was built in 1837 by Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842). The 68 meter high Hussainabad clock tower near Rumi Darwaza was designed by the British architect Richard Roskell Bayne (1827–1901) in 1885.
In the middle of a park southeast of the Hardinge Bridge lie the ruins of the British "Residency". It was left exactly as it looked after the month-long siege by insurgent Indians finally came to an end on November 17, 1857 with the invasion of British troops under Sir Colin Campbell . Its tower, shattered by a cannonball, became a symbol of the endurance of the British in India.
On the river, in the Rana Pratap Marg, sits the huge dome of the "Shah Najaf Imambara", named after the mausoleum of Ali in Iraq and is best seen in the glow of lights during the Shiite Muharram festival. In the interior you can see, among other things, the silver-plated grave of Ghazi-ud-din-Haidar (1814–1827), who was considered decadent and vicious and was buried with three of his wives. This imambara served as a fortress for the rebels during the great uprising in 1857. On November 16, 1857, the decisive battle took place in the adjoining Sikandrabag pleasure garden , which enabled the British to liberate the residence. It took Campbell's troops an hour and a half to fight their way free; then his Sikhs and the 93rd Highlander Regiment broke through.
sons and daughters of the town
- Agha Hasan Abedi (1922–1995), Pakistani banker
- Mirza Hameedullah Beg (1913–1988), Indian lawyer
- Saleem Kidwai (* 1951), university professor and author
- Cliff Richard (born 1940), British pop singer
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.census2011.co.in
- ↑ World 101 largest Cities. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
- ↑ State wise 300 Districts of India with Top Muslim Population in Urban Areas ( Memento of the original from June 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , AICMEU, accessed April 17, 2014
- ↑ Lucknow population 2018- population of Lucknow. Retrieved July 25, 2018 .
- ^ Anthony Welch, Martin Segger, Nicholas DeCaro: Building for the Raj: Richard Roskell Bayne. In: RACAR: revue d'art canadienne / Canadian Art Review, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2009, pp. 74–86, here p. 83