Garteniora

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Garteniora
Blackwing Iora (Aegithina tiphia)

Blackwing Iora ( Aegithina tiphia )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Corvoidea
Family : Aegithinidae
Genre : Ioras ( Aegithina )
Type : Garteniora
Scientific name
Aegithina tiphia
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The Garteniora or Blackwing Iora ( Aegithina tiphia ) is one of four species from the genus of IORAS ( Aegithina ) in the same family of IORAS (Aegithinidae).

The four species of Ioras were formerly classified in the family Irenidae together with the leaf birds (Chloropseidae) and the fairy birds (Irenidae).

features

The Garteniora reaches a body length of 12 centimeters. Mostly she lives alone or in pairs. It is easy to recognize by its bright, shining plumage and its song or twittering. Usually a wheeeee tea is trilled and sometimes she imitates other bird species from her area.

There is no pronounced sexual dimorphism in the Garteniora .

In the breeding season, however, the male attracts attention with its bright plumage. The male loses almost all black feathers in winter (breeding season) and the yellow feathers become lighter. The female is green on top, its yellow underside fades in winter. There are many soft feathers on the rump of both sexes.

habitat

The Garteniora often lives in gardens, where it hops inconspicuously between tree branches and bushes. It also inhabits light forests and orchards and is widespread from South Asia to Southeast Asia. There are Java , Sumatra and Borneo up to a maximum height of 1,700 meters above sea populated.

It feeds on insects such as caterpillars, ants and beetles, as well as seeds. Arachnids and other small invertebrates are also captured.

Reproduction

During courtship , the male flies high in the air and puffs up his plumage, especially the tail feathers, until it resembles a ball. Then it glides back to its seat in a spiral flight. At the same time, it makes strange noises that are reminiscent of the croaking of a frog. As soon as it lands, it spreads its tail and flaps its wings.

During the breeding season , usually after the monsoon, 2 to 4 green-white eggs are laid in the nest. The nest is an elaborate structure made of fine, soft grass and covered with cobwebs. It is usually located in a fork of a branch and is incubated by both the male and the female.

Subspecies

There are eleven known subspecies:

  • Aegithina tiphia multicolor ( Gmelin, JF , 1789) occurs in southwest India and Sri Lanka .
  • Aegithina tiphia deignani Hall, BP , 1957 occurs in southern and eastern India and northern and central Myanmar .
  • Aegithina tiphia humei Baker, ECS , 1922 is common in the central peninsula of India.
  • Aegithina tiphia tiphia ( Linnaeus , 1758) is widespread in northern India to western Myanmar.
  • Aegithina tiphia septentrionalis Koelz , 1939 is widespread in the northwest of the Himalayas .
  • Aegithina tiphia philipi Oustalet , 1886 occurs in south-central China , east Myanmar, north Thailand, and north and central Indochina .
  • Aegithina tiphia cambodiana Hall, BP , 1957 occurs in southeastern Thailand , Cambodia and southern Vietnam .
  • Aegithina tiphia horizoptera Oberholser , 1912 is distributed in the southeast of Myanmar and the southwest of Thailand, over the Malay Peninsula , Sumatra and neighboring islands.
  • Aegithina tiphia scapularis ( Horsfield , 1821) occurs in Java and Bali.
  • Aegithina tiphia viridis ( Bonaparte , 1850) occurs in central and southern Borneo .
  • Aegithina tiphia aequanimis Bangs , 1922 is widespread in northern Borneo and the western Philippines .

literature

Web links

Commons : Blackwing Iora ( Aegithina tiphia )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ IOC World Bird List Bristlehead, butcher birds, woodswallows, IORAS, cuckooshrikes