Swiss School Naples

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The Swiss School of Naples - Scuola Svizzera di Napoli - was a school for the Swiss Abroad that was founded in the 19th century and closed in 1984.

Community school of the Protestant German community

In the 19th century, wealthy Swiss merchants , entrepreneurs , freight forwarders and bankers lived in Naples . They founded their own institutions, including the parish school of the Protestant German (i.e. German-speaking) parish in 1839 , after the initiator, Pastor L. Vallette, had received permission to found the first Protestant school in Naples. A first attempt was made in 1811-1816, while Joachim Murat was still in the kingdom , under the direction of GF Hofmann, a supporter of Pestalozzi . The majority of the Protestant community were Swiss and Germans , and the school was open to their children. After the unification of Italy , Italian children were also allowed to attend the evangelical community school. Until 1866 it was on the premises of the Prussian legation on Via Cappella Vecchia .

From the International School of the Evangelical Congregation of the German Language to the Swiss School

In 1866 the French-speaking members left the evangelical community and founded their own community. The school then moved to the Via Egiziaca in Pizzofalcone under the name International School of the Evangelical Congregation of the German Language . The school was constantly expanded and in 1933 had ten classes. The school was also commonly known as the German School , which did not refer to the country but to the language. Nevertheless, this designation became a burden in the First World War. Immediately after the First World War the school was renamed the Swiss School after the German teachers and students left Italy with their families; In addition, at the request of the Italian authorities, the management had to be changed and replaced by Swiss staff.

Student statistics and development up to the First World War

The number of pupils has fluctuated greatly over the years. In 1866, 88 students attended the school. In 1884 the school already had 146 students. In 1887, all-girls and all-boys classes were set up. During the first decade of the 20th century the number of pupils fluctuated between 170 and 200. In the school year 1905/1906 98 boys and 62 girls attended school. The student body was made up as follows: 43 Germans, 28 Swiss, 5 Austrians , one Dane and 81 Italians. Shortly before the outbreak of World War I , the school had 180 students, half of them Swiss and German. Parallel to the decline in the German-speaking community that had financially supported the school, the number of German-speaking students also fell during the war.

The Scuola Svizzera di Napoli in the 20th century

At the end of the First World War, the German-speaking Protestant community had only 68 members and was in a poor financial position. At this point in time, the students of Italian nationality represented the largest group in terms of numbers, a circumstance that would shape further development in the following decades up to the closure of the school in the 1980s. German became a foreign language at school.

After the end of the war, the Swiss school in Naples, like other schools for the Swiss Abroad, received a grant from the federal government for the first time. Nonetheless, the school's financial situation remained precarious and an increasing number of children of Italian nationality were being accepted, which gradually reduced the Swiss character of the school.

From 1923 to 1927 the Germanist Jakob Job was director of the Swiss School in Naples.

From 1933 to 1967 the Swiss School was located in Piazza Amedeo . Shortly before the outbreak of World War II, the school had 176 students, 120 of them Italians and only 30 Swiss. After the end of the Second World War, a large number of Italian children were accepted again and the curricula revised; Italian became the language of instruction. In 1965 a new, spacious school building was inaugurated on Via Manzoni . A sculpture by Bernhard Luginbühl adorned the schoolyard. At the same time, the number of Swiss students decreased more and more in those years. In 1967 their share was only 20%. The federal government withdrew the federal subsidy from the school, which led to the school being closed in 1984.

Known students

  • Reinhard Dohrn (1880–1962), German zoologist, head of the Naples Zoological Station, brother of Wolf and Harald Dohrn
  • Harald Dohrn (1885-1945, shot) and Wolf Dohrn (1878-1914) had in 1912 the management of the Festspielhaus Hellerau in Dresden held
  • Blaise Cendrars (1887–1961) (actually Frédéric Louis Sauser ), Swiss writer.
  • Georges Sauser (1884–1966), Swiss lawyer, university professor, brother of Blaise Cendrars.
  • Guido Miescher (1887–1961), Swiss dermatologist and professor at the University of Zurich.
  • Erich Rothacker (1888–1965), German philosopher and sociologist, member of the NSDAP.

literature

  • Walter Baumgartner, The Swiss Schools Abroad. In: Archives for the Swiss Education System 42/1956 (1957)
  • Daniela Luigia Caglioti, Vite parallele. Una minoranza protestante nell'Italia dell'800 , Bologna 2006 (Il Mulino)
  • Tindaro Gatani, I rapporti italo-svizzeri attraverso i secoli - Gli svizzeri a Napoli , Zurich 1996
  • F.-E. Horneffer, Souvenirs de l'Ecole Internationale à Naples. Sa fondation et son développement de 1879 à 1895 , Genève 1896
  • Jakob Job, From the history of the Swiss colony in Naples , Geneva 1932
  • Jakob Job, school life in Naples , Zurich 1935 (good writings)
  • Fritz Kübler, Schools of the Swiss Abroad under the microscope , Zurich 1983 (Tages-Anzeiger reprint)
  • Swiss School of Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Naples 1967
  • Ernst Schubert, From the history of the German-language Evangelical Congregation in Naples on its 100th anniversary in 1926 (written on behalf of the parish council) , Naples 1926 (Verlag von Richter, Naples)
  • Elio Varriale, Svizzeri nella storia di Napoli , Naples 1998
  • Enrico von Arx, Istruzione elvetica a Napoli. La scuola svizzera dalle origini ad oggi. In: Arte e Storia, La presenza svizzera a Napoli , 29/2006, pp. 94-98.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fritz Kübler, Schools of the Swiss Abroad under the Lupe , Zurich 1983 (special edition Tages-Anzeiger), p. 23
  2. ^ Swiss School Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Neapel 1967, p. 5
  3. ^ Walter Baumgartner, The Swiss Schools Abroad. In: Archives for Swiss Education 42/1956 (1957), p. 50
  4. ↑ Swiss School of Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Neapel 1967, p. 6
  5. ↑ Swiss School of Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Neapel 1967, p. 6
  6. ↑ Ibid., P. 8
  7. ↑ Walter Baumgartner, Our Schools of the Swiss Abroad (1951) (separate reprint from the weekly magazine "Schweizer Jugend", No. 33/1951, 44/1951 and 15/1952, pp. 22-23)
  8. ↑ Tindaro Gatani, I rapporti Italo-svizzeri attraverso i secoli - Gli svizzeri a Napoli , Zürich 1996, pp 105-107.
  9. ↑ Tindaro Gatani, I rapporti Italo-svizzeri attraverso i secoli - Gli svizzeri a Napoli , Zürich 1996, p 105
  10. ↑ Ernst Schubert, From the history of the Evangelical Congregation in the German Language in Naples for its 100th anniversary in 1926 (written on behalf of the community council) , Naples 1926 (Verlag von Richter, Naples), p. 127
  11. ^ Swiss School Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Neapel 1967, p. 9
  12. ↑ Tindaro Gatani, I rapporti Italo-svizzeri attraverso i secoli - Gli svizzeri a Napoli , Zürich 1996, p 105
  13. ↑ Tindaro Gatani, I rapporti Italo-svizzeri attraverso i secoli - Gli svizzeri a Napoli , Zürich 1996, p 106
  14. ↑ See Ernst Schubert, From the history of the Evangelical Congregation in the German Language in Naples on its 100th anniversary in 1926 (written on behalf of the community council), Naples 1926 (Verlag von Richter, Naples), p. 136
  15. ↑ Ernst Schubert, From the history of the Evangelical Congregation in the German language in Naples on its 100th anniversary in 1926 (written on behalf of the community council) , Naples 1926 (Verlag von Richter, Naples), p. 135
  16. ↑ Tindaro Gatani, I rapporti Italo-svizzeri attraverso i secoli - Gli svizzeri a Napoli , Zürich 1996, p 112
  17. ^ Swiss School Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Neapel 1967, p. 11
  18. ^ Walter Baumgartner, The Swiss Schools Abroad. In: Archives for Swiss Education 42/1956 (1957), p. 51
  19. ↑ Swiss School of Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Naples 1967, p. 12
  20. ^ Swiss School Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Neapel 1967, p. 16
  21. ↑ So wrote Walter Baumgartner, the President of the Aid Committee for Schools of the Swiss Abroad, in 1956: “ Unfortunately, in some schools the numerical relationship between Swiss and non-Swiss has been severely disrupted. But there are always special reasons for the special situation. For example, the Swiss colony in Naples has suffered severe numerical losses since the interwar period. This has to do with the economic decline in the Italian south. Once large industrial and commercial enterprises in Naples have collapsed. “Cf. Walter Baumgartner, The Swiss Schools Abroad. In: Archives for Swiss Education 42/1956 (1957), p. 39
  22. ^ Swiss School Naples (ed.), Scuola svizzera , Neapel 1967, p. 27
  23. ^ Jean-Carlo Flückiger: Blaise Cendrars. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . July 5, 2005 , accessed June 26, 2019 .
  24. ↑ Eric Flury-Dasen: Georges Sauser-Hall. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 13, 2012 , accessed June 26, 2019 .
  25. ↑ Michael L. Geiges: Guido Miescher. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 12, 2008 , accessed June 26, 2019 .
  26. ↑ The names are based on the work of F.-E. Horneffer, Souvenirs de l'Ecole Internationale à Naples. Sa fondation et son développement de 1879 à 1895 , taken.