Sword-leaved bulrush

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Sword-leaved bulrush
Sword-leaved bulrush

Sword-leaved bulrush

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Rush Family (Juncaceae)
Genre : Rushes ( Juncus )
Type : Sword-leaved bulrush
Scientific name
Juncus ensifolius
Wikstr.

The sword-leaved rush ( Juncus ensifolius ) belongs to the rush family . The name of the species refers to the flat and pointed shape of the leaves ( ensis = sword in Latin). The home of this plant is western North America.

description

The sword-leaved bulrush is a hemicryptophyte with a creeping rhizome . The perennial herbaceous plant reaches a height of 20 to 60, a maximum of 80 centimeters. In contrast to most rushes, the upright stem is flattened and narrowly winged. The plant has one to three basal leaves and two to six stem leaves. There is no bract of the inflorescence. The leaves are sword-shaped (eponymous), up to 25 centimeters long and a maximum of six millimeters wide.

The inflorescence is not surmounted by a bract , so it is terminal. It usually consists of one to six rounded, very short-stalked clusters that are ten millimeters in diameter and each consist of up to 70 flowers. The flowers have six lanceolate, pointed bracts that are about three to 4 millimeters long. The outer and inner three bracts sometimes differ slightly in length. They are often red to dark brown, or green. The Juncus Ensifolius has three or six stamens and bins typical three stigma lobes .

The fruit is a sharp, triangular capsule that is about as long as the tepals or slightly longer. It is walnut brown to dark brown and has a short spiked tip. The seeds are ellipsoidal, slightly pointed at the ends and 0.7 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Distribution and ecology

The main distribution area of ​​the sword-leaved rush is the western North America from Alaska to California . There it grows on open pond edges, in swamps and wet meadows at heights of 400 to 3000 meters. It is naturalized in East Asia, East North America, New Zealand and Europe. In Europe it occurs as a neophyte from the Alps to southern Sweden and southern Finland.

Systematics

Juncus ensifolius was first described by Johan Emanuel Wikström in 1823. According to the Flora of North America, two varieties are distinguished:

  • Juncus ensifolius var. Ensifolius has three stamens.
  • Juncus ensifolius var. Montanus (Engelmann) CL Hitchcock has six stamens. According to R. Govaerts, this is an independent species: Juncus saximontanus A. Nelson . It occurs from western Canada to northern Mexico.

use

The sword-leaved bulrush is sold in the plant trade and used to plant pond edges.

Individual evidence

  1. a b Description in Flora of North America (Engl.)
  2. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 8 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Commelinidae part 2, Arecidae, Liliidae part 2): Juncaceae to Orchidaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3359-8 .
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  151 .
  4. a b Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
  5. Description at GRIN
  6. Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Juncus ensifolius. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 22, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Sword-leaved bulrush ( Juncus ensifolius )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files