Seweren

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The Seweren ( Bulgarian Севери ) Sewerer , Severer or Seweranen (Bugl. Северани) was a South Slavic tribe , who in the early Middle Ages in today's North Bulgaria , between Vorbalkan and Balkan Mountains was settled. A location in the Dobruja or north of the Rischki pass is also carried out in the research. The name Seweren, Latin Severoi, comes from the Slavic sever , German north, meaning the members of the northern tribes seen from Byzantium . Most of the sources on the Severen refer to the chroniclers Nikephoros and Theophanes , who, however, only mention the Severen on the edge of the history of the origins of the First Bulgarian Empire . With this foundation, the Severen and the other Slavic tribes of the area, the "Seven Tribes", became part of the Bulgarian Empire.

The Severen were subjugated by the Proto-Bulgarians under the leadership of Asparuch and then resettled along the eastern passes of the Balkan Mountains in 679 to defend the border against Byzantium . In addition to this thesis, some Bulgarian historians preferred the image of a peaceful alliance between the newcomers and the local Slavic population. Another point of contention in Bulgarian historiography was the meaning of the terms “subject” and “pay tribute” in relation to the Severen and the other Slavic tribes of the area, the “Seven Tribes”. Recent research assumes that the Proto-Bulgarians represented a kind of political leadership who exercised a supremacy over the Severen and other Slavic tribes, so that a Slavic-Bulgarian community of interests was unlikely.

The Seweren was last mentioned in 767 when their territory was conquered by Byzantium after the death of Khan Toktu and their prince Slavun was captured. Until the 9th century, the Severen and the other Slavic tribes eventually merged with the Proto- Bulgarians to form the Bulgarians .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Daniel Ziemann: From wandering people to great power. The emergence of Bulgaria in the early Middle Ages (7th – 9th centuries). Böhlau, Cologne / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-09106-4 , pp. 168 and 223.
  2. ↑ Vasil Gjuzelev: Research on the history of Bulgaria in the Middle Ages. Bulgarian Research Institute in Austria, Friends of the Wittgenstein Society, Vienna 1986, p. 4.
  3. ↑ Alexander Avenarius: The Avars in Europe. Hakkert, Amsterdam 1974, ISBN 90-256-0736-5 , p. 171.
  4. ↑ a b Vasil Gjuzelev : Research on the history of Bulgaria in the Middle Ages. Bulgarian Research Institute in Austria, Friends of the Wittgenstein Association, Vienna 1986, p. 17f.
  5. ↑ Daniel Ziemann: From wandering people to great power. The emergence of Bulgaria in the early Middle Ages (7th – 9th centuries). Böhlau, Cologne / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-09106-4 , p. 172.
  6. ^ Hanswilhelm Haefs: The golden empire of the Pamir-Bulgarians on the Danube and Wardar + Skyten-Gold. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-8334-2340-6 , p. 225.

literature

  • Daniel Ziemann: From wandering people to great power. The emergence of Bulgaria in the early Middle Ages (7th – 9th centuries). Böhlau, Köln / Wien 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-09106-4 (chapter The relationship between Slavs and (proto-) Bulgarians. Pp. 167–179; limited preview on Google Books ).