Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus Sextus Iulius Severus

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Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus Sextus Iulius Severus ( bl. 120-136) was a Roman senator, suffect consul , governor and general.

He came from Aequum ( Čitluk ) in the province of Dalmatia and was probably a descendant of Sextus Iulius Silvanus, a veteran of Legio VII Claudia , who had settled in Aequum and was summus curator of the Roman citizenship there. In the 130s he was apparently adopted by Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus.

The official career of Sextus Iulius Severus is unusually well documented by epigraphic sources. Three inscriptions from statues of honor that were erected in his hometown of Aequum and the neighboring legion camp Burnum attest to his entire career up to governorship in Syria Palestine . In Moesia he is mentioned on a dedication to Mithras and on two inscriptions in Britain. Added to this are the military diplomas issued during his term of office: 14 of these documents are known from Dacia and two from Britain .

Sextus Iulius Severus was evidently promoted from a young age. He became a military tribune in Legio XIV Gemina and then legate of the same legion in Pannonia Superior . Two military diplomas prove that in June 120 he was already governor of the praetoric province of Dacia Superior. If he was the first regular governor in this reorganized province, he would have assumed that office in 119. Another military diploma of 126 shows that he held this post for an unusually long time.

For the last three months of 127 he was a suffect consul. He was then governor of the consular province of Moesia Inferior for about three years and then governor in Britain from 131/32 to 133/34.

Emperor Hadrian sent him to Judea to suppress the Bar Kochba uprising , where Sextus Iulius Severus arrived in 134. He brought military reinforcements from Britain to the war zone, including possibly the Legio IX Hispana . Cassius Dio credits him with defeating the rebels after initially heavy Roman losses. After the end of the war he was awarded the ornamenta triumphalia by Hadrian . Two future governors of Britain served under his command: Quintus Lollius Urbicus and Gnaeus Iulius Verus .

See also

literature

  • Anthony Richard Birley : The Roman Government of Britain . Oxford 2005, pp. 129-133.
  • Anthony Richard Birley: Viri Militares Moving from West to East in Two Crisis Years (AD 133 and 162) . In: Olivier Hekster (Ed.): The Impact of Mobility and Migration in The Roman Empire . Brill, Leiden / Boston 2016, pp. 55–79.
  • Werner Eck : Sex. Iulius Severus, governor of the province of Iudaea / Syria Palestine, and his military diplomas . In: Judea - Syria Palestine. A province's grappling with Roman politics and culture . Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2014, pp. 245–255.
  • Ioan Piso: Fasti Provinciae Daciae , Volume 1, Bonn 1993, p. 42ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anthony R. Birley: The Roman Government of Britain . Oxford 2005, p. 130.
  2. ^ Anthony R. Birley: The Roman Government of Britain . Oxford 2005, p. 131.
  3. ↑ Werner Eck: Sex. Iulius Severus, governor of the province of Iudaea / Syria Palestine, and his military diplomas . Tübingen 2014, p. 245.
  4. ↑ Werner Eck: Sex. Iulius Severus, governor of the province of Iudaea / Syria Palestine, and his military diplomas . Tübingen 2014, p. 254.
  5. ^ Anthony R. Birley: The Roman Government of Britain . Oxford 2005, p. 130 f.
  6. ^ Anthony R. Birley: The Roman Government of Britain . Oxford 2005, p. 131.
  7. ↑ Shimon Applebaum: Tineius Rufus and Julius Severus , p. 121 f. In: Judaea in Hellenistic and Roman Times. Historical and Archaeological Essays (= Studies in Judaism in late antiquity , Volume 40). Brill, Leiden et al. 1989, ISBN 9-004-08821-0 , pp. 117-123.
  8. ↑ Cassius Dio 69,13,2.
  9. ^ Anthony R. Birley: The Roman Government of Britain . Oxford 2005, p. 132.
personal data
SURNAME Iulius Severus, Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus Sextus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Roman senator, suffect consul, governor and general
DATE OF BIRTH 1st century or 2nd century
DATE OF DEATH 2nd century