Shivaram Rajguru

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Shivaram Rajguru on a 2013 Indian postage stamp

Hutatma Shivaram Hari Rajguru ( August 24, 1908 - March 23, 1931 ) was an Indian revolutionary from the state of Maharashtra , best known for his involvement in the murder of a police officer from British India . He also fought for India's independence and was hanged on March 23, 1931 by the British government along with the revolutionaries Shaheed Bhagat Singh and Shaheed Sukhdev Thapar . Rajguru is revered as a national hero and martyr in India.

Early years of life

Rajguru was born in Khed on August 24, 1908. Khed was on the banks of the Bheema River near what is now Pune . His father died when he was only six years old. The responsibility for the family fell on his older brother Dinkar. He received primary school education in Khed and later studied at the New English High School in what was then Poona.

Activities as a revolutionary

Rajguru was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association , a revolutionary organization that sought to liberate India from British rule by all means necessary.

Rajguru was a companion of Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev Thapar and took part in the 1928 murder of the British police officer JP Saunders in Lahore . The assassination attempt was intended to revenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai , who was beaten by the police during a protest march against the Simon Commission in such a way that he presumably died of the consequences two weeks later.

The three men were caught and sentenced to death under the terms of an ordinance that was only introduced in 1930 specifically for this murder case.

Executions

Report of the execution of Rajguru
Memorial to Sukhdev Thapar, Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru

Originally scheduled for March 24th, the 3 main culprits including Rajguru were hanged on March 23rd, 1932. They were then on the banks of the river Sutlej in district Ferozepur in Punjab cremated. The executions received extensive press coverage, especially as they took place on the eve of the Congress Party's annual meeting in Karachi .

The New York Times reported at the time (translated :)

"A reign of terror in the city of Cawnpore in the United Provinces and an attack on Mahatma Gandhi by a youth outside Karachi were among the responses from Indian extremists today to the hanging of Bhagat Singh and two accomplices."

legacy

Like his colleagues in India, Shivaram Rajguru is honored as a national hero. The National Memorial is located in Hussainiwala, in the Ferozepur district in Punjab, India. After the execution in Lahore Prison, the bodies of Shivaram Rajguru, Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev Thapar were taken there in camera and cremated by the authorities without any ceremony. Every year on March 23, Martyrs Day ( Shaheed Diwas ) is celebrated in memory of the three revolutionaries.

In honor of Shivaram Rajguru, his place of birth Khed was renamed Rajgurunagar .

literature

  • Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani [1996]: The Trial of Bhagat Singh: Politics of Justice . Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0195796675 .

credentials

  1. a b c Verma, Anil: RAJGURU - THE INVINCIBLE REVOLUTIONARY . Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, September 15, 2017, ISBN 978-81-230-2522-3 .
  2. a b c d e Remembering Shivaram Hari Rajguru on his birthday . In: India Today , August 24, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2018. 
  3. Shubhankar Dam: Presidential Legislation in India: The Law and Practice of Ordinances . Cambridge University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-10772-953-7 , p. 44.
  4. a b National Martyrs Memorial Hussainiwala . Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  5. "Bhagat Indian executions stun the Congress . In: The New York Times , 25 March 1931. Accessed 11 October 2011. 
  6. ^ "Bhagat 50 die in India riot; Gandhi assaulted as party gathers . In: The New York Times , March 26, 1931. Retrieved October 11, 2011. 
  7. Five decades on, heritage status eludes Hussainiwala memorial . In: The Tribune India , September 27, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2018.