Sigmund Salminger

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Single sheet printing: Laudate Dominum (Canon by Sixt Dietrich ); published by Sigmund Salminger in 1547

Sigmund Salminger , also written Siegmund Salminger , Sigismund Salblinger , Sigismund Slablinger (* around 1500 in Munich , † probably around 1554 in Augsburg ), was a Franciscan and from 1527 until his revocation at the end of 1530 one of the important personalities of the Augsburg Anabaptist movement . Salminger became famous primarily as a hymn poet , composer and editor of song collections. He called himself a "Selector".

Life

Nothing is known about the origin of Sigmund Salminger. All that is attested is that he originally belonged to the Franciscan order and, after joining the Reformation movement, left the convent without dispensation and entered into marriage with the seamstress Anna Haller.

The Salminger couple moved to Augsburg by 1526 at the latest. He earned his living as a "school holder". The focus of his pedagogical work seems to have been music lessons. In 1526 he published two writings with the Augsburg printer Philipp Ulhard . It was about the mystical treatise Ausz was Grund die Liebspringt […] (co-author: Franciskus Lukas), reminiscent of Johannes Tauler in its thoughts, as well as the publication of Dreü even useful and fertile songs […] from the weaver's pen Jörg Breining. Possibly it was Ulhard through whom the contact with the Augsburg Anabaptists was established. The printer did not belong to the movement, but was closely connected to it and some of its representatives. Among other things, he printed three pamphlets on the question of the Lord's Supper for the later martyr of the Anabaptist movement, Eitelhans Langenmantel .

The nucleus of the Augsburg Anabaptist movement was a circle around Ludwig Hätzer , who practiced the early Christian community of property in 1524 . In the period that followed, this attracted a number of Anabaptist refugees. Among them were Hans Denck , Balthasar Hubmaier and Hans Hut . The latter was baptized by Hans Denck at Pentecost 1526 . Hans Hut was only a missionary for the Anabaptist movement for a year and a quarter. Traces of its effectiveness can be proven in Thuringia , Franconia , Swabia , Bavaria , Austria , Salzburg and Moravia . Hut must have been back in Augsburg by February 1527 at the latest, because there he baptized Salminger's wife Anna Haller in Eitelhans Langenmantel's house on February 2nd. Sigmund Salminger's baptism date is often given as March or spring 1527. It is entirely conceivable that the two of them were baptized on different dates; but maybe one or the other date is also an error.

Shortly after receiving the baptism, Sigmund Salminger was appointed head of the Anabaptist community by drawing lots in a specially scheduled community meeting. Jakob Dachser was elected as his deputy . In Hans Hut's Urgicht , his interrogation protocol, the following report is available on the formation of this general assembly and the implementation of the election:

“ […] When he [hat] was here at Mardi Gras, the brothers would have wanted to choose a ruler who would be in front of them, as they would have had in the apostles' times, so they would have asked God and drawn the lot, if that were for Sigmund pleased that he should be a headmaster. "

- Urgicht (interrogation record of September 16, 1527)

During his tenure as headmaster, which lasted only a few months because of his arrest in September 1527, Sigmund Salminger baptized at least 74 people. A contemporary chronicle remarked on this development that "where a council was not seen in it, in a short time the majority of the common people of the sects would have been attached and seduced". Under Salminger, the Augsburg community developed into the center of the southern German Anabaptist movement, which of course was not entirely due to him. She hosted a meeting from August 20 to 24, attended by at least 22 Anabaptist foreign missionaries. At this assembly, which was later referred to as the Augsburg Synod of Martyrs , it was on the one hand to settle doctrinal differences between the various Anabaptist factions and on the other hand to questions of mission strategy. In addition to church leadership and the related fields of work (preaching, baptisms, poor relief) Salminger also worked as a song poet. Thirteen songs by him are known.

Of course, the Augsburg council did not hide the growth and expansion of the Anabaptist movement. It is true that the Anabaptists acted cautiously and met in small groups at different locations - in the homes of the wealthy parishioners or in the gardens of the suburbs, which is why the Anabaptists were also called "garden brothers" in Augsburg. At least since the aforementioned Synod, the movement could no longer be kept secret. From the end of August the Augsburg council carried out a large-scale police operation. It lasted almost three weeks and resulted in numerous arrests. Sigmund and Anna Salminger were among those arrested.

While Anna Salminger was expelled from the city after a short pre-trial detention, Sigmund Salminger and other leading personalities were transferred to the "rear vault of the prison [...] on January 18, 1528, proof that the whole strictness of the law was being exercised against them". Salminger spent three years there. Embarrassing interrogations , but also attempts at conversion by the Augsburg clergy, were part of everyday life in his detention. On December 17, 1530, Salminger, who had been led up the stairs of the Augsburg town hall, revoked his Anabaptist views “out of free, personal motivation, unnecessary and unconquered by mouth and right heart”. His wife Anna was revoked on January 17, 1531. He was then released from custody with immediate effect and expelled from the city. Because of his poor health, however, he was granted a four-day delay.

How long Sigmund Salminger lived in exile cannot be precisely determined. In the song collections he published after 1540, he again referred to Augsburg as his place of residence. The dedications on the front pages of his publications also indicate a complete rehabilitation. You name, among others, the council of the city of Augsburg, Jakob Fugger and Queen Maria of Hungary .

In the course of the following years Salminger gained a great reputation through his editorial work, which reached far beyond the borders of Augsburg. Important composers were in correspondence with him and sent him their works for publication. This in turn earned him praise and recognition from numerous artists and scholars. The humanist scholar Erasmus von Rotterdam was one of them . In his outline of a general history of erudition (1754), Johann Andreas Fabricius also lists Sigmund Salminger in an extensive list of “world wise men” from the 16th century.

Christening succession

Siegmund Salminger's (spring 1527), Hans Hut (Whitsun 1526), Hans Denck (spring 1526), Balthasar Hubmaier (Easter 1525), Wilhelm Reublin (January 1525), Jörg Blaurock (January 1525) Konrad Grebel line of baptismal succession (January 1525). The dates in brackets indicate the respective baptism date. Evidence of this can be found in the biography articles of the persons mentioned.

Work (selection)

Sigmund Salminger: Cantiones septem, sex et quinque vocum (1545)
  • For what reason the love arises: and what great strength you have and how useful you are to reform the inner man, that he dies sweetly , (together with Franciscus Lukas), Augsburg 1526
  • Dreü even useful and fertile songs, Jm thon Maria tender, even masterly, by Jörgen Preining before zeyten Weber zů Augspurg, made vnd zůsamen set […] (Jörg Breining, edited by Sigmund Salminger), Augsburg 1526 ( Google )
  • New Gesang psalter.darinn all psalms Dauids at the Zal 150. in gsangweiß gestelt / mitverzaychnüs in what Melodeye a yeder goes / sampt the Letaney / and all Geystlichenn songs / so yetzůbecause sung in many places / m Teils itz to be played / darbey announces the Authores […] First Ietz uolendt, with a register (together with Joachim Aberlin and Sebastian Franck ), Augsburg 1538
  • Guldin honey. Main script and handzeyger, the content of the entire Bible, self-contained. […] , Strasbourg 1540 ( Google )
  • Selectissimae nec non familiarissimae Cantiones, ultra centum. Vario idiomate , Augsburg (near Melchior Kriesstein) 1540
  • Tenor. Concentus octo, sex, quinque et quatuor vocum, omnium iucundissimi nuspiam antea sic aediti , Augsburg (with Philippus Vlhardus) 1545 - Dedication: To the city council of Augsburg
  • Tenor. Cantiones septem, sex et quinque vocum , Augsburg (by Melchior Kriesstein) 1545 - Dedication: Jacob Fugger
  • Discantus. Cantiones selectissimae. Quatuor vocum. Ab eximiis et praestantibus Caesareae Majestatis Capella Musicis. M. Cornelio Cane. Thoma Crequilone. Nicolao Payen & Johanne Lestainnier Organista, compositae , Augsburg (with Philipp Ulhard) 1548 - Dedication: Haus Fugger

Literature (selection)

  • Hans Michael Schletterer, Ludwig Keller:  Salminger, Sigmund . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 270-272.
  • Hans Michael Schletterer: Sigmund Salminger , in: Monthly Issues for Music History , Volume 21 (1889)
  • Max Radikofer: Jakob Dachser and Sigmund Salminger , in: Contributions to Bavarian Church History , Volume VI, Erlangen 1900, pp. 1–30
  • Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Their history and their legacy. A contribution to the 2000 year celebration of the city of Augsburg , Pfaffenhofen 1984, ISBN 3-7787-2063-5
  • Helmut Gier, Johannes Janota (Ed.): Augsburger Buchdruck und Verlagwesen , Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-447-03624-9 , p. 301ff ( The editions of Sigmund Salminger (1540–1550) )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Michael Schletterer, Ludwig Keller:  Salminger, Sigmund . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 270-272.
  2. ↑ Kimberly D. Schmidt, Diane Zimmerman Umble, Steven D. Reschly: Strangers at Home: Amish and Mennonite Women in History , Baltimore (Maryland) 2002
  3. ↑ Josef Mančal (Augsburger Stadtlexikon): Article Salminger (as of August 27, 2010)
  4. ↑ The Bavarian Music Dictionary online describes him as a "music teacher"; [ Sigmund Salminger in the Bavarian Musicians' Lexicon Online (BMLO) ]; accessed on February 9, 2014; compare Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Your story and your legacy , Pfaffenhofen 1984, p. 35: "As a boy teacher he gave private music lessons."
  5. ↑ On Philipp Ulhard see Hans-Jörg Künast, Josef Mančal (Augsburger Stadtlexikon): Article Ulhard, Buchdruckerfamilie (as of September 3, 2010); accessed on February 9, 2014
  6. ↑ A digitized edition of this publication can be found on the homepage of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek : Ausz was Grund die Liebspringt [... online]; accessed on February 9, 2014
  7. ↑ On Jörg Breining ( Preining ) see Karl Bartsch:  Breining, Jörg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 286.
  8. ↑ Herbert Immenkötter (Augsburg Stadtlexikon): Article Baptist (as of: November 22, 2011); accessed on February 9, 2014
  9. ^ Hans-Jürgen Goertz (Mennonite Lexicon, Vol. V): Article Hut, Hans ; accessed on February 9, 2014
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Schäufele: The missionary consciousness and work of the Anabaptists - presented according to Upper German sources , Volume XXI in the series Contributions to the history and teaching of the Reformed Church (Ed. Paul Jacobs et al.), Neukirchen-Vluyn 1966, p. 143.
  11. ^ C. Arnold Snyder, Linda Agnes, Huebert Hecht (Eds.): Profiles of Anabaptist Women: Sixteenth-century Reforming Pioneers , Toronto 1999 (5th edition), p. 95
  12. ↑ For example Christian Hege: "Salminger, Sigmund (16th century)", in: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online, 1959 ; accessed on February 9, 2014
  13. ↑ Quoted from Hans Guderian: Die Anabaptist in Augsburg. Your story and your legacy , Pfaffenhofen 1984, p. 35
  14. ↑ Hans Michael Schletterer: Sigmund Salminger in: Monatshefte for music history , born 21 (1889), p 179
  15. ↑ Quoted from Christian Meyer: Die Anababäufer in Schwaben , in: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte , Volume 17, Gotha 1897, p. 252
  16. ^ Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Your story and your heritage , Pfaffenhofen 1984, p. 37; 40ff
  17. ^ Max Radlkofer: Jakob Dachser and Sigmund Salminger , in: Contributions to Bavarian Church History , Volume VI, p. 15
  18. ↑ Hans Michael Schletterer, Ludwig Keller:  Salminger, Sigmund . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 270-272.
  19. ^ Anna Salminger returned to Augsburg forbidden at Easter 1528 (April 12th) and took part in the Easter services that were later blown up by Augsburg city servants. She escaped the ensuing wave of arrests by fleeing, but returned to the imperial city on April 30, was arrested and driven out of the city with a blow of the rod. (Hans Michael Schletterer, Ludwig Keller:  Salminger, Sigmund . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 270–272.)
  20. ↑ Hans Michael Schletterer, Ludwig Keller:  Salminger, Sigmund . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 270-272.
  21. ↑ Quoted from Hans Michael Schletterer, Ludwig Keller:  Salminger, Sigmund . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 270-272.
  22. ↑ Hans Michael Schletterer, Ludwig Keller:  Salminger, Sigmund . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 270-272.
  23. ↑ Johann Andreas Fabricius: Outline of a General History of Gelehrsamkeit , Volume 3, Leipzig 1754, p. 373 ( Google Books )
personal data
SURNAME Salminger, Sigmund
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Salminger, Siegmund; Salblinger, Sigismund; Slablinger, Sigismund; Selector
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Follower of the Anabaptist movement, author, hymn poet
DATE OF BIRTH around 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH around 1554
Place of death augsburg